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LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE HUNGARIAN NUCLEAR EMERGENCY RESPONSE EXERCISE 2004

National Radiological Emergency Preparedness Conference, Inc. 15th Annual Conference Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 11-14 April 2005. LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE HUNGARIAN NUCLEAR EMERGENCY RESPONSE EXERCISE 2004. Geza Macsuga Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority e-mail: macsuga@haea.gov.hu

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE HUNGARIAN NUCLEAR EMERGENCY RESPONSE EXERCISE 2004

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  1. National Radiological Emergency Preparedness Conference, Inc. 15th Annual Conference Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 11-14 April 2005 LESSONS LEARNEDFROM THE HUNGARIAN NUCLEAR EMERGENCY RESPONSE EXERCISE 2004 Geza Macsuga Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority e-mail: macsuga@haea.gov.hu phone: +36 1 4364910 fax: +36 1 4364909

  2. Topics • Introduction • Exercise type, scope, etc. • Evaluation • Lessons learnt 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  3. Europe 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  4. Hungary 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  5. Basic data on Hungary • Republic • Member country of the Europen Union • Area: 93.000 km2 • Population: 10 million • Capital: Budapest (1,8 million) • Highest point: 1015 m • Largest lake: Balaton (cca. 75 x 3 km) • Neighbouring countries: Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Rumania, Yugoslavia, Croatia, Slovenia 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  6. 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  7. Hungarian nuclear program (1/3) • Paks NPP • four VVER-440/213 type reactors of 470MWe • commissioned in 1983, 84, 86, 87 • six-loop, horizontal steam-generators • provides cca. 40% of domestic electric energy production • PSR of units 1 to 4 is over 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  8. 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  9. Hungarian nuclear program (2/3) • Interim spent fuel storage facility • dry storage for 50 years • at the premises of the NPP • 7 modules in use, 4 more under construction • 10 MWt research reactor • VVER-SM • Operated by the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  10. Hungarian nuclear program (3/3) • 100 kW training reactor • operated by the Technical University of Budapest • used for education • Preparatory work for final storage site selection of low and medium level radwaste • Central Nuclear Financial Fund for interim and final disposal and decommissioning 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  11. Role and tasks of the HAEA • During preparation and planning phase • International Contact Point and Competent Authority • Regulatory tasks in nuclear safety matter • Coordination of international cooperation in nuclear safety • Maintenance of its own preparedness • In case of an emergency • Facility diagnosis and prognosis • Evaluation of the radiological situation and prognosis of consequences • International communication • Decision support to NDC • Public information 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  12. Structure of the HNERS 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  13. Exercise type, scope, etc. • Two-day long, comprehensive, table-top • Exercise Day 1 2004.11.09. 7:30-16:00 • Exercise Day 2 2004.11.10. 7:30-16:00 • Central organs, ministries, local defense committees and their local organs 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  14. Objectives of the exercise • Test the new National ERP • Exercise the emergency response related activities • Test the new National Public Information Plan, exercise the related activities • Exercise the obligations from international conventions and bilateral agreements 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  15. Scenario – initial state • Hypothetical accident at Paks NPP • 4 units of VVER-440/213 type • Nominal power 470 MWe • Unit 3 is at nominal power • Reserve power supply from Unit 4 is not available due to maintenance • One of the three diesel-generators is failed, the other is under maintenance 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  16. Scenario – Phase 1 • LOCA - break of 10% on loop 2 • Protection signals: hermetization, L&HP ECCS • One of the three LP ECCS is out • Hermetization failure • Release of primary coolant activity 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  17. Scenario – Phase 2 • After 2 h 15 m: electric fire • Both normal and external power supply failed • One of two diesel-generators failed during start-up • Release of primary coolant activity • Increased core damage probability 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  18. Scenario – Phase 3 • After 4 h 5 m the last diesel-generator failed  no core cooling • Release • core temperature increases, after an hour cladding defects, gap release • release to atmosphere increases 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  19. Scenario – Phases 4-5 • Phase 4 • Core cooling restored (successful start-up of a diesel-generator) • Release significantly decreased • Phase 5 • Hermetization successful • Release terminated 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  20. Evaluation process 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  21. Meeting the objectives (1/2) • A. – Applicability of the ERPs • The objective was met, the participants implemented all their tasks, the ERPs were applicable for regulating the related activities • Further clarifications and modifications in the ERPs are necessary • The operating manual at several organs shall be updated • B. – Exercise the response activities • The objective was met, the participants • exercised their tasks and duties • gained useful experiences and • enlarged their knowledge 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  22. Meeting the objectives (2/2) • C. – Public information • The ministries did not really perform public information • Simulation of the media/public interest and press conference • The objective was not fully met • D. – Communication by international conventions • The objective was evaluated in relation to HAEA • Several neighboring countries joined the exercise • The communication was well documented • The international requirements were met • The international communication did not created high pressure • The objective was met 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  23. Evaluation of the main processes (1/10) • Preparation for the exercise • Organization • shortage of time • reduced scope of the exercise • decisions in the final preparatory stage  unexpected revision of documents • Scenario • the general plan was lately finalized  short time for lower level plans 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  24. Evaluation of the main processes (2/10) • Conduct of the exercise • Conduct • the second day scenario did not challenge the players • the role of the Senior Controller was not clear for the players • Planning and implementation • the same report arrived several times to the same organization • important information did not arrived or arrived with delay • the directly not effected counties did not have essential tasks 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  25. Evaluation of the main processes (3/10) • Alert of the HNERS • Central organs • exhaustive list of primary notification  delays in alerting by the Paks NPP • the leaders NDC and OpS were timely notified, but the members were not • Ministries • not all ministries were completely notified • there was a shortage of available experts, the operation is not ensured in case of long lasting emergency • Local Defense Committees • the directly not effected counties did not receive notification in time 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  26. Evaluation of the main processes (4/10) • Assessment-evaluation • Central organs • GCC EC distributed assessment results without preliminary harmonization with NDC Expert Panel  uncertainties in the HNERS • results of RODOS, SINAC and BALDOS significantly differed • Ministries • emergency centers received contradictory assessment results • Local Defense Committees • no harmonization of input data among the assessment teams, lack of coordination was observed  different proposals on measures 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  27. Evaluation of the main processes (5/10) • Decision-making • Central organs • the NDC did not perform its coordinative and integrative role • parallel and overlapping operation of NDC and OpS caused confusion • Ministries • lack of experts  were not able to fully perform their tasks • Local Defense Committees • Paks NPP information was extremely important in the early phase • decision competence was not clear: counties defense committees made their own decisions or they implemented central decisions 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  28. Evaluation of the main processes (6/10) • Coordination of countermeasures • Central organs • decision competence on countermeasures was not clearly defined • some counties defense committees made their own decisions even after the operation of NDC • Ministries • received late information on central decisions  not prepared for prompt implementation • Local Defense Committees • no detailed methodology of urgent and long term measures • protective and measuring equipment was incomplete at local organs 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  29. Evaluation of the main processes (7/10) • Public information • Central organs • limited scope of planned activities • Ministries • did not perform public information activities • Local Defense Committees • the national ERP did not regulate adequately the interface with the media 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  30. Evaluation of the main processes (8/10) • Communication • Central organs • the information and communication paths were not clearly defined • no feedback on the reports sent out to other organs • the use of cell phones in case of emergency was not regulated adequately • Ministries • the interface was not properly regulated between the representatives at the central organs and the ministerial emergency centers • Local Defense Committees • the committees received sometimes too much or too less information or similar information from several organs 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  31. Evaluation of the main processes (9/10) • Quality assurance • the actual date and time were not shown on all documents • the importance of self-control was not emphasized at all organizations • document format and content requirements were not harmonized • National ERP • the national ERP shall be updated • the national ERP did not regulate the quality assurance issues • the legal status of the national ERP was unclear 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  32. Evaluation of the main processes (10/10) • Evaluation of the exercise • preparation of evaluators was successful • the hierarchical organization of evaluators operated smoothly • the methodology provided that problems at all levels were detected • subjective statements, misunderstandings in the evaluation reports • the „yes-no” questionnaire: • did not support the process-based evaluation • did not provide enough information for comprehensive evaluation • in case of doubts the majority of the evaluators selected „yes” • differently structured evaluation report  difficulty in assembling the comprehensive evaluation 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  33. Good practices (1/3) • Preparation for the exercise • the exercise was financed from the participants own budget • preparatory workshops, trainings and drills contributed to the success • Control of the exercise • thanks to the high level commitment the exercise was successfully conducted • shortages in the second day scenario were solved by the controllers by giving the players preliminary not defined tasks • Start up of the HNERS • experts responded efficiently and timely to all messages of Paks NPP • the duty-officers were experienced and knew well the alerting system 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  34. Good practices (2/3) • Assessment-evaluation • the accessibility of meteorological data was quick and excellent • the Ministry of Education involved to the exercise its own network laboratories • Decision-making • the chairman of OpS prepared a summary report for the Chairman of the GCC • Coordination of countermeasures • the directly effected three counties were better prepared • the Somogy County Defense Committee assessed the technical background of implementation of long term protective measures in the LPZ • Public information • the organs recognized the importance of authentic and timely information • press release templates were prepared in advance easily adaptable to any actual situation to assist public information experts 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  35. Good practices (3/3) • Communication • the MARATHON introduced successfully • Quality assurance • the Paks NPP and the neighboring counties regularly consulted • National ERP • the national ERP provided good basis for preparation of lower level ERPs • Evaluation of the exercise • the methodology was successful, the organization functioned well 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  36. Recommendations for improvement (1/5) • Preparation for the exercise • elaboration of long term training and exercise plan • elaboration of annual training and exercise program • Conduct of the exercise • the owner of the exercise shall be the leader of the most competent authority • Alert of the HNERS • procedure of multi level alerting exercise shall be prepared for the entire HNERS: • legal background • the national ERP • experiences with the IAEA and EU alerting exercise system • alerting exercises for all levels of HNERS shall be incorporated in the annual plan 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  37. Recommendations for improvement (2/5) • Assessment-evaluation • harmonization • exchange of input data • conditions and applicability of analysis tools • comparison and understanding of results • elaboration of proposals for the decision makers • Decision-making • the roles and responsibilities of central and local governments shall be revised • structural simplification and relocation of roles and responsibilities • comprehensive survey on the entire staff of HNERS 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  38. Recommendations for improvement (3/5) • Coordination of countermeasures • OpS shall collect and distribute information on the implementation of protective measures • Public information • elaborate an easily adaptable plan of a typical public information exercise • preparation • conduct • evaluation • incorporate public information exercise into the HNERS annual training program • comprehensive evaluation of the national public information capabilities 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  39. Recommendations for improvement (4/5) • Communication • elaborate and implement the concept of a comprehensive informatics system • Quality assurance • introduce a comprehensive and unified QA system for the HNERS • National ERP • ensure the regular maintenance of the national ERP • Evaluation of the exercise • revise the evaluation methodology to evaluate and compare different exercises on a unified basis 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  40. Recommendations for improvement (5/5) • Implementation of the recommendations • organizations level • head of the organ • determination of priorities • planning and implementation • HNERS level • GCC coordinates • the NER TSC is involved 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  41. Summary • The HNERS is prepared for nuclear emergency • The exercise was useful • Importance of regular exercises • Good practices were identified • Further actions for improvement 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

  42. Abbreviations ERO – Emergency Response Organization ERP – Emergency Response Plan GCC – Governmental Coordination Committee GCC EC – Governmental Coordination Committee Emergency Center HAEA ERO – Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority Emergency Response Organization HNERS – Hungarian Nuclear Emergency Response System IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency L&HP ECCS – Low & High Pressure Emergency Core Cooling System LOCA – Loss of Coolant Accident LPZ – long term protective action zone MARATHON – protected electronic mailing system for governmental use MoI – Ministry of the Interior NDC – Nuclear Emergency Defense Committee NEIC – Nuclear Emergency Information Center NER TSC – Nuclear Emergency Response Technical Scientific Council OpS – Operative Staff Paks NPP – Paks Nuclear Power Plant PIG – Public Information Group RODOS – Real-time On-line Decision Support System 15th Annual NREP Conference, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

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