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Heart Transplantation A Brief Summary by Nikolett Jakab

Heart Transplantation A Brief Summary by Nikolett Jakab. Christiaan Neethling Barnard , born on November 8, 1922 in South Africa , was the first doctor ever performing a successful heart transplantation on a human. Before that , Barnard experiented on dogs.

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Heart Transplantation A Brief Summary by Nikolett Jakab

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  1. Heart Transplantation A Brief Summary by NikolettJakab

  2. ChristiaanNeethlingBarnard, bornon November 8, 1922 in South Africa, wasthefirstdoctoreverperforming a successfulhearttransplantationona human.

  3. Beforethat, Barnardexperientedondogs

  4. When on December 1967, a woman, injuredfatallyin an automobileaccidentdied. Her heartwasingoodcondition and perfectfor a donor.

  5. Louis Washkanskywithidentical blood type as the woman needed a heart donor. Washkanskysuffered from diabetes and dangerous heart diseas. He knew that either way with or without surgery, he can die, and so Barnardgot a permissionfromWashkanskytoperformahearttransplantationonhim.

  6. Lateron, BarnardreferredtoWashkansky'sbraveryas "For a dying man it is not a difficultdecisionbecause he knowshe is atthe end. Ifa lionchasesyoutothe bank of a riverfilledwithcrocodiles, youwillleapintothewaterconvincedyouhaveachancetoswimtotheotherside. Butyouwouldneveracceptsuchoddsiftherewere no lion."

  7. Washkansky survived the surgery with his new heart for 18 days, then died fromdoublepneumoniaas a result of hissuppressedimmunesystem. (Double pneumonia is the infection of both lungs caused by bacteriasorviruses.)

  8. But still to perform a successful heart surgery meant a step further in healthcare, the improvement in medications, and Barnardbecamecelebratedaroundtheworldforhisdaringaccomplishment.

  9. In 1968, he wenttothesurgeryroom again and performedhissecondhearttransplantation. Hispatientsurvivednineteenmonths. Itwas a progressrushingthroughtheworldlikewildfire.

  10. EveryyearintheUnited Statesthereareabout4,000peoplewhocouldbenefitfrom a hearttransplant. Unfortunately, thereareonlyabout2,000 donor heartsavailable.

  11. Afterhearttransplant, fiveyearsurvivalaveragesabout50%-60%. Oneyearsurvivalaveragesabout85%-90%.

  12. Butwhat is hearttransplantation?

  13. Hearttransplantation is a surgeryperformedonpatientswithend-stageheartfailureorseverecoronaryarterydisease. It’seitherdonebyhavingthepatient’sheartremoved and getting a differentoneinstead (orthotopicprocedure) orleftinplacetosupportthe donor heart (heterotopicprocedure).

  14. Most patientsrequire a transplantbecausetheirheartscanno longerpumpwellenoughtosupplybloodwithoxygen and nutrientstotheorgans of the body. A smallernumber of patientshave a goodpump, butabad "electricalconductionsystem" of theheart. Thiselectricalsystemdeterminestherate, rhythm and sequence of contractionoftheheartmuscle.

  15. Donorsarepeoplewith “braindeath” orirreversiblebraininjurywhostill has otherhealthyorgans. A team of physicians, nurses, and techniciansgoestothehospital of the donor toremovedonatedorgansoncebraindeath of the donor has beendetermined.

  16. The removedorgansaretransportedonicetokeepthemaliveuntiltheycan be implanted. Fortheheart, this is optimally less thansixhours. So, theorgansareoftenflownbyairplaneorhelicoptertotherecipient'shospital.

  17. Sometimes, our immune system detects the newly transplanted organs as enemies and so starts to destroy is.It is when the organ gets rejected but can be controlledwithpowerfulimmunosuppressivemedications. Ifthere is notenoughimmunosuppression,theorgancanrejectacutely

  18. Evenwhen an organ is available, it happens to be no individual it could work with.

  19. And formanyreasons, individuals and familiesrefusetodonateorgansthatcouldsave a life.

  20. Othertimes, there is no waytogettheheartto a suitablerecipientintimefortheorgantostill be viable.

  21. Maybe one day, technology will be advanced enough to create working donors. Until then, we are here to support.

  22. Sources http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121917/ http://www.medicinenet.com/heart_transplant/index.htm http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bmbarn.html http://www.nndb.com/people/887/000082641/

  23. Thank you for your time!

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