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Human Body Systems Technology Project. Human Body Systems. D igestive R espiratory I ntegumentary I mmune L ymphatic M uscular C irculatory S keletal N ervous E ndocrine E xcretory R eproductive. And Levels of Organization. http://www.parentingpress.com/pics/sock_cvr.jpg.
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Human Body Systems • Digestive • Respiratory • Integumentary • Immune • Lymphatic • Muscular • Circulatory • Skeletal • Nervous • Endocrine • Excretory • Reproductive And Levels of Organization
http://www.parentingpress.com/pics/sock_cvr.jpg Believe it or not, you are organized! • The main levels of organization are… • Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, and You (the Organism).
Can you identify & label the 3 levels of organization shown here? Well, at least your body is!
Your digestive system is like a complicated chemical processing plant, and performs many functions.
What major tasks does your digestive system help you accomplish?
Your Digestive System… …breaks down food into molecules the body can absorb. …passes these molecules into the blood to be carried throughout the body. …works to eliminate solid wastes from the body.
The Parts of Your Digestive System How well do you know them?
The Digestive Journey Digestion begins in your mouth with action of your teeth and tongue (mechanical digestion) and your salivary glands (chemical digestion). The salivaryglands produce enzymes that are mixed with the food, breaking down the starches. Peristalsis is the muscular action that moves the food through the esophagus and into your stomach after you swallow.
Your Stomach Contains chemicals such as hydrochloric acid and pepsin. Pepsin breaks proteins, and other enzymes break down fat. Your stomach also has a thick coating of mucus to protect it form the acids and to keep it from digesting itself!
By the way, your stomach really does look like a muscular bag!
Your Liver, Pancreas, and Gall Bladder Liver is the largest organ of your body. Liver breaks down many substances and toxins, and produces bile- a substance that helps break down fat. The bile produces enzymes that flow into the small intestines, helping to break up complex starches, proteins, and fats.
Your Small & Large Intestines After the solid food has been digested the fluid remaining is called chyme . In the small intestines all the nutrients are absorbed leaving undigestible wastes. These wastes pass into the large intestines, where water is removed. Then the wastes are stored in the rectum until they are released by the anus.
Cross Section of Your Intestines The Villi add surface area to increase absorption of food and nutrients through capillaries.
The Functions of Your Respiratory System Your respiratory system moves oxygen from the outside environment into your bodyand removes carbon dioxide and water (this image shows all the tiny bronchioles that carry air into your alveoli for gas exchange).
The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems: Working Together. Working together the respiratory and circulatory systems form the cario-pulmonary system, which is an integral connection between the heart and lungs.
Respiratory Disease: Lung Cancer The cancerous lung (right) shows how much damage smoking can do over time to your respiratory system.
X-Rays can help detect cancer, and surgery and radiation are some treatments for the disease. Web Sources and Resources www.smm.org/heart/lessons/ lesson11.htm
Please Take Care of Your Lungs and Don’t Smoke Web Sources and Resources: Usborne Science Encyclopedia pgs. and Quicklink Images
Your Immune System Your Immune system protects you from foreign invaders. Special cells react to pathogen with a defense targeted specifically at that pathogen. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1996/illpres/introduction.html
Your Immune System Has Many Specialized Cells! White blood cells that target specific pathogens are called lymphocytes. There are two major kinds of lymphocytes—T cells and B cells. A major function of T cells is to identify pathogens by recognizing their antigens. Antigens are molecules that the immune system recognizes as either part of your body, or as coming from outside your body. B cells produce chemicals called antibodies.
How Your Immune System Works Our immune system protects us against threats. These include viruses, bacteria and parasites causing infectious diseases, from ordinary flu to full-blown malaria. The white blood cells of the defense system are produced in the marrow of our bones. The cells are carried in the blood to specialized organs, where they develop and communicate to launch immune responses against infections. • http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1996/illpres/introduction.html
Types of Muscles Your body has three types of muscle tissue—skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.
Skeletal Muscle skeletal muscles are classified as voluntary muscles. Muscles moves your bones, react quickly and tire quickly. At the end of a skeletal muscle is a tendon. A tendon is a strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Note- ligaments connect bones together.
Smooth Muscle Smooth muscles are called involuntary muscles because they work with your conscious effort.
Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles found only in the heart. Cardiac muscles do not get tired. A Cardiac Muscle Cell
How Do Muscles Work? Muscles work by contracting, or becoming shorter and thicker. Because muscle cells can only contract, not extend, skeletal muscles must work in pairs.
Your Circulatory System is Responsible for Delivering and Removing Materials from Every Cell in Your Body Web Sources and Resources Usborne Human Body: Quicklinks
Blood Blood is the fluid of life, transporting oxygen from the lungs to body tissue and carbon dioxide from body tissue to the lungs. Because it contains living cells, blood is alive. Red blood cells and white blood cells are responsible for nourishing, cleansing, and protecting the body. Since the cells are alive, they too need nourishment. Vitamins and Minerals keep the blood healthy. The blood cells have a definite life cycle, just as all living organisms do. Approximately 55 percent of blood is plasma, a straw-colored clear liquid. The liquid plasma carries the solid cells and the platelets which help blood clot. Without blood platelets, you would bleed to death. When the human body loses a little bit of blood through a minor wound, the platelets cause the blood to clot so that the bleeding stops. Because new blood is always being made inside of your bones, the body can replace the lost blood. When the human body loses a lot of blood through a major wound, that blood has to be replaced through a blood transfusion from other people.
Your Skeleton’s Functions Your skeleton has five major functions. It provides shape and support, enables you to move, protects your internal organs, produces blood cells, and stores certain materials until your body needs them
Cartilage Cartilage provides a smooth surface between bones or sometimes a more flexible extension of bone, as in the tip of your nose. As an infant, much of your skeleton was cartilage. By the time you stop growing, most of the cartilage will have been replaced with hard bone tissue.
Joints A joint is a place in the body where two bones come together and move in different ways. Movable joints include ball-and- socket joints, pivot joints, hinge joints, and gliding joints. The bones in movable joints are held together by ligament.
Take Care of Your Bones! A combination of a balanced diet and regular exercise can start you on the way to a lifetime of healthy bones. As people become older, their bones begin to lose some minerals. Mineral loss can lead to osteoporosis, a condition in which the body’s bones become weak and break easily. Regular exercise and a diet rich in calcium can help prevent osteoporosis.
Your Nervous System Your nervous system receives information about what is happening both inside and outside your body. It helps maintain homeostasis. A stimulus is any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react.
Neurons The cells that carry information through your nervous system are called neurons, or nerve cells. The message that a neuron carries is called a nerve impulse.
Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems Working Together The yellow parts are CNS parts and the purple are parts of your peripheral nervous system.
Your Brain- The Command Center The human brain is a complex organ that allows us to think, move, feel, see, hear, taste, and smell. It controls our body, receives information, analyzes information, and stores information (our memories).
