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Mastering Arrays in C++: Declaration, Initialization, and Access

Learn about C++ arrays, from declaration to initialization and accessing values. Understand multidimensional arrays and how to work with them effectively in your programs.

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Mastering Arrays in C++: Declaration, Initialization, and Access

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  1. contact.. • website:http://www.t3houd.wordpress.com/cs220 • email:t3houd@gmail.com • twitter:@TA_Ohoud

  2. Grades • 2 Quizzes(10 grade).. • Quiz#1: Tuesday 28/5/1437 • Quiz#2: Tuesday 27/6/1437 • sheets+evaluation+attendance (10 grade)

  3. Array • An array is a series of elements of the same type placed in contiguous memory locations that can be individually referenced by adding an index to a unique identifier.

  4. The declaration of arrays follows this syntax: • type name [elements]; • the foo array, with five elements of type int, can be declared as: int foo [5];

  5. Initializing arrays • But the elements in an array can be explicitly initialized to specific values when it is declared, by enclosing those initial values in braces {}. • For example: int foo [5] = { 16, 2, 77, 40, 12071 }; This statement declares an array that can be represented like this: int bar [5] = { 10, 20, 30 };

  6. The initializer can even have no values, just the braces: int baz [5] = { }; This creates an array of five int values, each initialized with a value of zero:

  7. Accessing the values of an array name[index] foo [2] = 75; x = foo[2]; int foo[5]; // declaration of a new array foo[2] = 75; // access to an element of the array. foo[0] = a; foo[a] = 75; b = foo [a+2]; foo[foo[a]] = foo[2] + 5;

  8. // arrays example #include <iostream> usingnamespace std; int foo [] = {16, 2, 77, 40, 12071}; int n, result=0; int main () { for ( n=0 ; n<5 ; ++n ) { result += foo[n]; } cout << result; return 0; } Answer: 12206

  9. Multidimensional arrays Multidimensional arrays can be described as "arrays of arrays". For example, a bi-dimensional array can be imagined as a two-dimensional table made of elements, all of them of a same uniform data type. • jimmy represents a bi-dimensional array of 3 per 5 elements of type int. The C++ syntax for this is: int jimmy [3][5];

  10. and, for example, the way to reference the second element vertically and fourth horizontally in an expression would be: jimmy[1][3];

  11. example: #define WIDTH 5 and HEIGHT 3 int WIDTH=5 , HEIGHT=3; int jimmy [HEIGHT][WIDTH]; int n,m; int main () { for (n=0; n<HEIGHT; n++) for (m=0; m<WIDTH; m++) { jimmy[n][m]=(n+1)*(m+1); } }

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