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The “Heqin” Diplomacy (I)

The “Heqin” Diplomacy (I). Princess or palace lady married to Xiongnu’s Shanyu (Khan) 198 BCE (under Gaozu) 192 BCE (under Huidi, Gaozu’s son) 174 BCE (under Wendi) 162 BCE (under Wendi) 152 BCE (under Jingdi, princess) 135 BCE (under Wudi). The “Heqin” Diplomacy (II).

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The “Heqin” Diplomacy (I)

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  1. The “Heqin” Diplomacy (I) • Princess or palace lady married to Xiongnu’s Shanyu (Khan) • 198 BCE (under Gaozu) • 192 BCE (under Huidi, Gaozu’s son) • 174 BCE (under Wendi) • 162 BCE (under Wendi) • 152 BCE (under Jingdi, princess) • 135 BCE (under Wudi)

  2. The “Heqin” Diplomacy (II) • ceased between 133- because of Han Wudi’s policy of expansion • War with Xiongnu: • 129 BCE, Xiongnu defeated • 127 BCE, Xiongnu defeated • 124 BCE, Xiongnu defeated • 123 BCE, Xiongnu defeated • 121 BCE, Xiongnu defeated

  3. The “Heqin” Diplomacy (III) • War and peace with Xiongnu • 103 BCE, Han defeated • 99 BCE, Han defeated • 97 BCE, Han defeated • 91 BCE, Han defeated • 80 BCE, Xiongnu defeated (under Zhaodi) • 56 BCE, Xiongnu surrendered because of political struggles • 54 BCE, Xiongnu split into North and South • 52 BCE, Xiongnu surrendered • paid tribute to Han court in 51, 50, 49 BCE

  4. The “Heqin” Diplomacy (IV) • War and peace with Xiongnu • 43 BCE, Xiongnu rebelled (under Yuandi) • 36 BCE, Xiongnu defeated (under Yuandi) • 33 BCE, Xiongnu Khan paid tribute and proposed to Wang Qiang, a palace lady in Yuandi’s harem • 31 BCE, Xiongnu Khan died (under Chengdi) • 25 BCE, Xiongnu Khan paid tribute (under Chengdi) • 1 BCE,Xiongnu paid tribute (under Aidi) • 10 CE, Xiongnu rebelled (Wang Mang ruled Han/Xin) • 11 CE, Xiongnu invaded (Wang Mang) • 14 CE, Heqin resumed

  5. Autumn in the Palace of Han • Author and literary type: • Ma Zhiyuan (or Ma Chih-yuan, fl. 1251) • Yuan drama • Major characters: • Han Yuan-di (or Yuan-ti) • Wang Qiang (or Wang Ch’iang) better known as Wang Zhaojun (or Wang Chao-chün). • Mao Yanshou (or Mao Yüan-shou) • Hu-han-yeh (or Hu-han-ye), Xiongnu’s Khan • Importance of this play • History and fiction • Historicization of fiction • Fictionalization of history

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