Chapter 1 Picture Pages

1. Chapter 1 Picture Pages PowerPoint Presentation by Table 2 Noah Afualo, Hayley Calvert, Natalie Guggino, Chandler Miller, Troy Romano, and Catherine Rouch

3. Matter • Everything on Earth is made of matter • Liquids, gases, and solids are all matter • Matter makes up everything in the universe • Objects that take up space and have mass are called matter • Everything around you is made up of matter

5. Equator • An imaginary line on the Earth's surface • Equal distance from the North Pole and South Pole • Divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern hemisphere • Latitude of the Equator is 0° • The length of Earth’s equator is about 40,030.2 kilometers (24,873.6 miles long)

7. Heat • Everything has heat • Molecules can effect heat- the more molecules in an object, the more heat it has • Even freezing things have heat • Heat is energy • The bigger the object, the more heat it has • It is the transfer of energy through differences in temperature

9. Volume • Volume is the quantity of a 3 dimensional space • How much matter a solid object holds • Volume can be measured in liters, milliliters, gallons, quarts, pints, cups, and many other units of measurements • Can also be the amount of space, measured in cubic units, an object or substance occupies

11. Electromagnetic Waves • Charged particles-such as electrons and protons-create electromagnetic waves when they move • Light, microwaves, x-rays, TV, and radio transmissions are all kinds of electromagnetic waves • Electromagnetic waves is an important way energy is transported

13. Atmosphere • The atmosphere consists of several gases; • Nitrogen (N) • Oxygen (O) • Water Vapor • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • The outermost sphere to the Earth

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15. Earth Science • The science that focuses on planet Earth and its place in the universe. • The term for knowledge about Earth’s air, land, and living things • Several branches: meteorology, geology, and environmental science

17. Observing • Using one or more of your senses is called observing • Your senses include sight, sound, feel, taste, and smell

19. Wave • A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place • The movement of energy through a body of water.

21. Data • Data is facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations. • A data table gives an organized way to have and store information • The term data refers to a variable or set of variables. • Data is typically the results of measurements •  Raw data refers to a collection of numbers, characters, or images that have not been mathematically solved yet

23. Convection • Convection is the movement of molecules within fluid • Air is considered a fluid, so if you’re toasting marshmallows, that is an example of convection • It cannot take place in solids, since neither current flows, nor significant diffusion can take place in solids. • Convection is one of the major modes of heat transfer

25. Density • Density is the amount of mass in a substance in a given volume • The mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. • Different materials usually have different densities, so density is an important concept regarding buoyancy • Less dense objects float on denser fluids. • (Example: Wood will float on water because the wood is less dense than the water.)

27. Beaker • A beaker is a lipped cylinder-type glass or plastic container used in many laboratories • A beaker is a container used for stirring, mixing and heating liquids commonly used in many laboratories • Beakers are generally cylinder shaped, with a flat bottom and a lip for pouring. •  Many also have a small spout to aid pouring. • Beakers come in a wide range of sizes, from one milliliter up to several liters.

29. Graduated Cylinder • A graduated cylinder is a cylinder-shaped container used to accurately measure out volumes of liquid • A graduated cylinder is a piece of laboratory equipment used to accurately measure the volume of a liquid • Graduated cylinders are generally more accurate and precise to measure with than beakers are

31. Balance • A balance is a scientific tool used to measure weight and mass • It is used to measure mass at a high degree of accuracy • A balance (weighing scale) is a measuring instrument used for determining the weight or mass of an object

33. Energy • The ability to do work, or to cause change • The capacity or power to do work, such as the capacity to move • Energy can exist in a variety of forms, such as electrical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, or nuclear, and can be transformed from one form to another. • Energy is measured by the amount of work done, usually in joules or watts

35. Predicting • Is a forecast on what will happen in the future • A prediction is a statement about the way things will happen in the future • A statement that some outcome is expected • Prediction is closely related to uncertainty • An idea based on what is thought will happen

37. Hypothesis • An explanation for a phenomenon  • For a hypothesis to be put forward as a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that someone must test it • Scientists generally base scientific hypotheses on previous observations that cannot be explained with scientific theories

39. Inferring • Explanation or inference about things you observe • An interpretation based on observations and prior knowledge • Conclude information from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements

41. Topography • Topography is the study of Earth's surface, shape and features • It could also be those of planets, moons, and asteroids • Topography is also the description of such surface’s shapes and features

43. Lithosphere • The lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle • Under the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, the weaker, hotter, and deeper part of the upper mantle • The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates, which cause earthquakes • Layer of Earth’s crust nearest to us

45. Geology • Geology is a form of studying the Earth’s rocks, mountains, and ground • The study of solid Earth and the processes by which it evolves. • Geology provides primary evidence for plate tectonics • Geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration

47. Meteorology • Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere • That includes studying the Earth's atmosphere, temperature, air pressure, and water vapor

49. Latitude • The side-to-side lines on a map • Latitude is often measured in degrees, with minutes and seconds for more exact measurements • The equator is a latitude line (Measured at 0°)