COMMISSION 1 AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES

1. COMMISSION 1 AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES

2. KEY QUESTIONS: • What are the likely impacts of Climate Change on the Sector? • What types of mitigation and adaptation means are available to manage the impacts of Climate Change in this sector? • How can we make the sector sustainable? • How can this sector contribute to job creation and green economy? • What types of finance does this need?

3. KEY QUESTION 1: What are the likely impacts of Climate Change on the Sector? • The Unstable weather patterns, reducing food security • Affect export/import of agricultural products • Drought spells during summer season • Diminishing water resources, both quantity and quality • Shortage of certain types of food • High food prices • Extinction of plant/animal species (impacting on livelihoods) • Drier water tables (decline of underground water) • Famine (people dying) • Floods destroying agriculture

4. KEY QUESTION 1: What are the likely impacts of Climate Change on the Sector? Cont… • Declining agricultural land potential and soil erosion • Prevalence of invasive species • Effect on the marine species • Job losses • Heat waves destroying agriculture

5. KEY QUESTION 2: What types of mitigation and adaptation means are available to manage the impact of Climate Change in this sector? • Rainwater harvesting and water re-use • Rehabilitation of ecosystems • Proper legal framework • Hydroponics and tunnel farming • Control invasive species and promote indigenous species • Promote climate change education in communities • Proper land use and management • Efficient use of energy • Clean river systems • Plant at the right time, given climate change

6. KEY QUESTION 2: What types of mitigation and adaptation means are available to manage the impact of Climate Change in this sector? Cont… • Proper usage of pesticides/herbicides • Better usage of IT • Train young people • Re-use and recycle • Identify GHG sources • Develop animal feed that suppresses methane gases • Breed drought tolerant plant species • Usage of indigenous knowledge • Alternative tolerant species • Holistic water resources management • Efficient water use

7. KEY QUESTION 2: What types of mitigation and adaptation means are available to manage the impact of Climate Change in this sector? Cont… • Expand dry land cropping • Avoid non-essential burning of fires – regulation • Promote cleaner technology • Manage exploitation of resources • Expansion of game parks

8. KEY QUESTION 3: How can we make the sector sustainable? • Promote composting • Leveraging among sectors and between government and private sector • Climate smart agriculture – enhanced production • Zoning and effective land use at local level • Rehabilitation of resources while creating jobs • Improve education within the sector • Fencing for animals • Organic farming • Early training of youth and awareness programme for all • Improve irrigation efficiency

9. KEY QUESTION 3: How can we make the sector sustainable? Cont… • Water re-use • Punitive measures (financial) for non-compliance, and re-invest the revenue

10. KEY QUESTION 4: How can this sector contribute to job creation and green economy? • Co-ordinate the like-minded people for leveraging and job creation • Create co-ops, and get people to produce food themselves • Create markets for the people to sell their produce • Donga rehabilitation • Eradication of invasive species • Get private sector to fund some initiatives and create jobs for youth • River clean-up and educate communities • Collect pollution from ships • Be “energy wise” only use fuel for critical operations

11. KEY QUESTION 4: How can this sector contribute to job creation and green economy? Cont… • Support only initiatives aimed at sustainable development • Policy that protects agricultural land • Promote eco-tourism • Conduct research and development • Promote permaculture • Payment for ecosystem services

12. KEY QUESTION 5: What types of finance does this need? • Money to establish nurseries • Increase the agriculture budget to ensure food security • Specific well-defined initiatives that are possible to fund • Integration of budget for better impact • Also consider other support needs other than financial needs • Revenue from “Environmental pollution” to fund good initiatives

13. COMMISSION 2 HEALTH AND WELFARE

14. Itemise the likely impact of climate change on this sector Extreme weather events Environmental hazards Malnutrition (see graph on next slide) Infectious diseases Vector borne (malaria, dengue) Water borne (see slide) Food borne Sexually transmitted infections (due to social disruption) Mental health (post traumatic stress)

15. Trends in Malnutrition

16. Trends in diarrhoea incidence

17. Mitigation & adaptation means to manage climate change?

18. Mitigation & adaptation means to manage climate change?

20. Mitigation & adaptation means to manage climate change?

21. How can this sector make its operations and use of resources more sustainable? Systems strengthening – evidence based planning, outcomes based monitoring and appropriate research Integration of climate change into sector plans (include in Provincial Programme of Action) Food security costs of water for gardens (look at water harvesting – rain & grey water) – 1 house, 1 garden, 1 drum. Availability of seeds at point of need. All clinics, schools, hospitals etc. to have a garden. Participation of children in climate change discussions

22. How can this sector make its operations and use of resources more sustainable? Reinforce traditional practices in communities to sustain the environment e.g. firebreaks; composting; selective cutting down of trees Vector control Vigorous monitoring of disease trends Early Warning System for epidemics Disaster Management and Emergency Services Operation Sukuma Sakhe – engagement of NGOs, CBOs & FBOs

23. Contribution to the greening economy in terms of employment Hospitals provide recycling bins so that unemployed persons could be trained to recycle – income generation project– Pilot by March 2012 Funding be provided for research and development Improve medical waste disposal methods

24. Finances & Technology Finance required to support NGOs, CBOs etc Climate change needs to be properly funded if it is to be successfully implemented e.g. solar water geysers in our clinics, thermometers without mercury etc. Video & teleconferencing to be used by all government departments (by end of 2012/13) Use of Cellphone technology for adherence, support, reminders & health promotion messages Funding be provided for research and development to enable government to influence research agenda (includes improved medical waste disposal methods: 2012/13)

25. COMMISSION 3 INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT

26. Itemize the likely impacts of climate change in this sector Planning Inefficient layouts Inefficiency / orientation of buildings Planning for big infrastructure- the cost of maintenance to be factored Erosion loss of topsoil due to construction Social and economic factors Dependency on social net especially disaster victims post disaster Tariffs resulting from cost impacting on the poor Cost of replacements/re-investments [after roads washed away in flooding]

27. What type of mitigation and adaptation means are available to manage impacts of climate change in this sector? MITIGATION NEASURES Planning and Design Policy and strategy All professional disciplines to be used to give professional opinion at design stage Ensure that the designs are in line with the green build infrastructure principles Engage in research, look at innovative and best practice models locally and internationally Capacity around green building design principles [ engage Green Building Council of SA] Energy saving Solar energy Passive solar Use of alternative materials – locally sourced Use of durable materials Water recycling Water harvesting Waste management

28. What type of mitigation and adaptation means are available to manage impacts of climate change in this sector? Greening to be integrated to development – both residential and commercial/industrial etc. Model it to localities Planting correct plants according to area and locality Day light savings programme IEC – inform, educate , communicate – awareness is the key Review by-laws and legislation Enforce compliance with green principles

29. How can this sector make its operations and use resources more sustainable • Efficient driving campaign and vehicle management. • Planting green lungs along the major transportation routes. • Rail infrastructure to be improved [ rehabilitate and improve efficiencies on rail ] to reduce the number of trucks [ to look at legislation of use of individual transport vs public transport- Gautrain] • Research and international best practices on alternative fuel and draw from best practices • Promote awareness both on climate change and funding available for green programmes

30. How can this sector contribute to the green economy through job creation? • Use labour intensive methods-Employment and involvement of communities in house and road construction and maintenance • Factor in maintenance – continued employment of communities Recycling can be labour intensive • Construction and greening to be integrated and have an element of job creation – treepreneurs, wastepreneurs… • Alternative transportation system- bicycles [ non-motorized transport] • Use of local labour to construct alternate construction materials

31. Use labour intensive methods-Employment and involvement of communities in house and road construction and maintenance Factor in maintenance – continued employment of communities Recycling can be labour intensive Construction and greening to be integrated and have an element of job creation – treepreneurs, wastepreneurs… Alternative transportation system- bicycles [ non-motorized transport] Use of local labour to construct alternate construction materials

32. What type of finances does this need? Source funding available for climate change projects -Information on accessing funding for these initiatives to be made available AND accessible[ TIK ZN] Condition for maintenance budget to contribute to green build design Action plan to be drawn and costed Banks to be engaged about providing funding/finance for green infrastructure entrepreneurs Incentives (grading, rating, points?) for companies etc. who follow green principles in infrastructure development and construction of buildings

33. COMMISSION 4 Industry: Mining, Commerce and manufacturing

34. Focal Point: Achievement of a Low Carbon Economy Refers to an economy that has minimal output of green house gas emissions into the biosphere , the most important gas been carbon dioxide. To achieve a low carbon economy it involves adopting a low carbon policy in all spheres of the economy. The following are areas where this can be achieved: Resolution Research is required on the key learnings from other countries in order to ensure success Enhance the ability of NOs to support industry in achieving a low carbon economy (for example recycled packaging by industry and support informal traders ability to collect wastes that can be recycled) Industry should be incentivised through financial support and recognition of achievements Full externality costs must be disclosed in Annual Reports

35. Focal Point: Reducing Carbon Footprint This is a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment, and in particular climate change. It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases produced in our day to day lives through burning fossil fuels for electricity, heating and transportation etc. Resolution The National Department of Environmental Affairs has determined the current carbon footprint and the projectory thereof including the targeted levels based on policy interventions as contained in the white paper. Industry must commit to engaging on these targets in terms of what is achievable whilst ensuring end target is achieved. There is a need to engage on specific targets for various pollutants and industries rather than have a blanket approach in the legislation. Unanimous agreement on the principle of Polluters to pay for their actions Critical to have appropriate Carbon reporting system which would include mandatory reporting by all. Incentives should be developed to encourage participants to reach the targets sooner eg recognition of the investment made by industries Industry needs to commit to increase their productive efficiencies thereby reducing the amount of gaseous emissions, create opportunity in the recyling of waste and reduce amount of waste disposed of.

36. Focal Point: Carbon Neutrality Occurs where our actions remove as much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as we put in.One mechanism is to buy carbon offsets, which are emission reduction credits from another organisation's project which has resulted in less carbon dioxide being emitted into the atmosphere. Eg wind energy companies sell carbon offsets and benefit through this additional income making such a projects more economically viable Resolution: KZN should look at becoming a producer/supplier of carbon credits, thereby encouraging efficient production. Companies should be also informed of the availability of such carbon credits eg global exchange to be engaged to establish a relationship with Chambers and the provincial government. Companies should commit to a concrete plan of action on terms of reducing emissions

37. Focal Point: Environmental Externality Costs "external costs exist where the private calculation of benefits or costs differs from society's valuation of benefits or costs". For example pollution represents an external cost because damages associated with it are borne by the society as a while and are not reflected in market transactionsThis focal point also touched on the issue of the Tripple Bottom Linedefined as “true sustainable development in business must not only consider the financial bottom line but also the bottom line such as environmental quality and social equity. This approach represents a level of interdisciplinary thinking that is vital to tackle the complex and varied environmental problem that exists today.”Resolution: Research to be undertaken to assess the costs of externalities or develop a model which could reasonable estimate the same. All parties to engage on the findings of the research and its recommendations – to be referred to the Economic Council. Thereafter, clear commitments to firstly disclose such externality costs and to include such in their annual reports as required by King III report, secondly reducing such costs and thirdly, industry should also show their commitment to agreeing on a penalty system the form of which is to be determined. It was further recommended that the reporting requirements should be legislated to ensure compliance by all parties. In the discussions it was noted that an agency “National Clean up Production Centre” funded through Department of Trade and Industry, supports industry in determining their carbon footprint and how this can be reduced. This further strengthens the needs for the exchange of information in respect of the green economy.

38. Focal Point: Opportunities in unlocking the green economy Resolutions Develop a ‘Community of Innovation’With the limited skills and resources available in KZN, it is critical that we pool the resources we have.  A ‘community of innovation’ is proposed.  Government should facilitate the establishment of a ‘community of innovation’ that draws people together from government, business (linked to industry innovation clusters)and research who can learn from each other, innovate and act cooperatively (focussing on areas such as technology, sourcing, waste management). This forum would also form the research centre of knowledge for the province. Implement Green Economy Projects with the Potential for Early WinsGiven the scarcity of skills and resources, the ‘community of innovation’ should focus on early wins or low hanging fruit in order to motivate both the public and private sector towards greater investment in the development of policies which are supportive of the green economy.

39. It is therefore critical that a small number of green economy pilot projects be implemented   with a view to fostering the growth of a ‘community of innovation’, to demonstrate the benefits of engaging in green growth.  Furthermore, the high transaction cost of getting involved in a new sector discourages investors.  It is critical to quickly identify the wins in terms of jobs creation,  more secure water, food and energy, and cost savings - so as to encourage greater public and private sector investment. Examples of existing and potential projects were provided: Wind and biomass energy production; Support to the sugar industry for sugar bagass and ethanol from sugar; poultry waste farming biogas generation; Scotland offshore turbines in the ocean, BUY-Back centres, Recovery of energy from scrap tyres (, paper and pulp industry supplying biomas renewable energy, Green rating / certification of tourism facilities Issue of tariffs should be finalised in order to ensure affordability of supplying renewable forms of energy and thereby encourage investment and a review of the “Waste legislation” which constrains the use of certain waste products for innovative purposes.

40. COMMISSION 5 MUNICIPAL STATE OF READINESS TO RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS

42. What should Municipalities do to make sure that they are ready to respond to the impact of the climate change? Municipalities should: Work cooperatively with all key stakeholders such as NGOs, AMAKHOSI, business sector, and institutions of higher learning. Focus areas must include: rain water harvesting, food security, community participation and the review of legislation on rain water harvesting in urban areas. What should Municipalities do to educate communities and raise awareness on COP17/CMP7? More resources should be dedicated to community training and awareness campaigns. Municipalities must coordinate focused rural community dialogues under the auspices of SUKUMA SAKHE.

43. What must be done by Municipality and Citizens to save Energy? Education (Traditional Leaders, Communities, and schools) Promote Solar Systems Behaviour change such as switching off electricity not being used Roll out a door-to-door campaign to save energy and to change people’s mindset Promote public participation What approach are Municipalities using in dealing with waste? Promotion of recycling (waste separation) Encourage business to support recycling initiative Change culture through education (culture to dump waste) Promote waste management Use waste for energy e.g ,methane gas, and sell to ESKOM

44. How can Municipalities encourage communities to use public transport? Or lift clubs? Engage the taxi industry to understand the use of lift and not intimidate communities, as has been happing in some communities. Address the issue of reliable means of transport, including the upgrading of rail transport system to encourage greater use by motorists, thereby creating an excitement around the use of public transport. Develop more pathways for non motorised transport - cycling, walking and horses (in rural areas).