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Stages of test construction. Why and what to test?. A clear statement of the testing ‘problem’ or needs analysis. Write / read / agree upon complete specifications for the test. Test specifications. Blueprint of the test (‘plan’, ‘proposal’)
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Why and what to test? • A clear statement of the testing ‘problem’ or needs analysis. • Write / read / agree upon complete specifications for the test
Test specifications • Blueprint of the test (‘plan’, ‘proposal’) • The specifications should be developed before any item or task is designed. • They are useful for test writers, teachers, students, parents, universities, employers… • Produced in a handbook with sample test papers.
Test development • Write and moderate test items • Trial the items informally on native speakers, reject or modify problematic ones as necessary • Trial the test on NNSs similar to those for whom the test is intended • Analyse the results of the trial
Test development • Calibrate scales: • decisions on what is “excellent” or “poor” performance • Validate: • the more different types of validity is established, the better • Write instructions for test takers, test users and administrators • Train any necessary staff (examiners, markers etc.)