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Introduction to Protists: Evolution, Classification, and Characteristics

Explore the fascinating world of protists, eukaryotic organisms that do not fit into the plant, animal, or fungus kingdom. Learn about their evolution, classification, and unique characteristics. Discover the different types of animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like protists and their important roles in ecosystems. Watch videos and view images to gain a deeper understanding of these diverse organisms.

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Introduction to Protists: Evolution, Classification, and Characteristics

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  1. Chapter 21: Protista

  2. The Kingdom Protista A. What is a Protist? 1. Eukaryotesthat do not fit in the plant, animal or fungus kingdom. - Cannotbe classified as animals, plants or fungi, but share many characteristics with plants (algae), animals (protozoan) and fungi (slime molds) 2. Have a nucleuswith DNA and membrane bound organelles. 3. Mostare unicellular, but some are multicellular (algae)

  3. The Kingdom Protista A. What is a Protist Continued? 4. Mobility - flagella - cilia - pseudopod 5. Can be photosyntheticor heterotrophic 6. Most- asexual reproduction- binary fission OR Sexual reproduction through conjugation. Protista video

  4. B. Evolution of Protists Lynn Margulishypothesized that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. Known as the Endosymbiotic TheoryVideo 1AnimationVideo 2

  5. II. Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans A. Protozoan Phyla- classified by their method of movement 1. Move using flagella - Absorb food through their cell membranes (decaying organic material) - Live in lakes and streams, or in other organisms - Reproduce asexually or sexually, by forming gametes Ex:Trypanosomes - cause African sleeping sickness Video

  6. II. Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans A. Protozoan Phyla- classified by their method of movement. 2. Move using pseudopods (temporary projections of cytoplasm) - Also known as a false foot. - Amoebas eat by surrounding their food with their pseudopods and forming food vacuoles. - Known as phagocytosis. Example: Amoebas - amoebic dysentery (Entamoeba)

  7. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/protists/amoeba.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/protists/amoeba.shtml Feeding amoeba Feeding amoeba 2 http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artsep01/amoeba.html

  8. II. Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans A. Protozoan Phyla- classified by their method of movement.3. Move using cilia (hair-like extensions)- Found in fresh and salt water- Most are free-living.- Feed by an oral groove.- Contractile vacuole – used to pump out excess water.Example: ParameciumVideo

  9. III. Plant-like Protists A. Unicellular Algae - Contain chlorophyll and accessory pigments to harvest the energy from the sunlight. - Contain eyespot. - No cell wall. - Found in ponds and lakes. - Move by a flagellum - Example: Euglena video

  10. B. Red, Brown, and Green Algae 1. Most are multicellular 2. Differ in their photosynthetic pigments 3. Uses of Algae a. Food for other organisms b. Humans use/eat algae product (ice cream, salad dressing, pudding and candy bars) c. Used to make plastics, waxes, deodorants, paint and artificial wood. d. Chemicals in algae can be used to treat high blood pressure, arthritis, and other health problems. Volvox videoMixed Protists video

  11. IV. Fungus-like Protists A. Characteristics 1. Heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying matter. 2. Lack Chitin cell walls like true fungus B. Examples - slime molds and water molds

  12. Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryotes. • Multicellular, except yeast. • Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it). *decomposers • Feed by releasing digestive enzymes to break down food. • Cell walls made of chitin. • Moldsandmushroomsare also examples. • Asexualreproduction by spreading of spores. • Sexual reproduction • Produce antibiotics to help fight bacterial diseases. • Fungi video

  13. Spores - Reproductive cells that form new organisms without fertilization

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