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Ionization Constant of Water and pH

Ionization Constant of Water and pH. Water breaks apart into two things Hydrogen – H + Hydroxide – OH -. H 2 O (l )  H + ( aq ) + OH - ( aq ). Write the equilibrium expression for this equation. K w = [H + ][OH - ]. It has a special name. The ionization constant of water.

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Ionization Constant of Water and pH

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  1. Ionization Constant of Water andpH

  2. Water breaks apart into two thingsHydrogen – H+Hydroxide – OH-

  3. H2O(l)H+ (aq)+ OH- (aq) Write the equilibrium expression for this equation.

  4. Kw= [H+][OH-] It has a special name. The ionization constant of water.

  5. Kw= 1.0 x 10-14 It always = the same # which makes things easier.

  6. 1.0 x 10-14 = [H+][OH-] So if you know [H+] or [OH-] you can plug it in and solve for the one you are missing.

  7. pH means powers of H+pOH means power of OH-

  8. To find pH or pOH plug in the concentrationpH = -log[ H+]pOH = -log[OH-]

  9. To find concentration plug in the pH or pOH [ H+] = 10-pH[OH-] = 10-pOH

  10. 1.0 x 10-14 = [H+][OH-]-log of everything =14= pH + pOH

  11. Naming Acids (a Refresher) • If anion is monoatomic, use hydro- + -ic • Ex: HCl = hydrochloricacid • If anion is polyatomic, look at name of ion and apply suffix: • Nitrate nitric acid • Sulfite  sulfurous acid

  12. Conjugate Pairs • When Acids or Bases react with weak acids/bases, they form conjugate pairs. • Ex HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl- • Ex. H2SO4+ H2O  SO42-+ 2H3O+ • Ex. NH3 + HNO3  NH4+ + NO3- • Ex. HC2H3O2 + H2PO4- C2H3O2- + H3PO4

  13. Conjugate Pairs • Ex HCl+ H2O H3O++ Cl- ABCACB • Ex. H2SO4 + 2H2O SO42- + 2H3O+ ABCBCA • Ex. NH3 + HNO3  NH4++ NO3- BACACB • Ex. HC2H3O2 + H2PO4- C2H3O2- + H3PO4 A B CB CA

  14. Acids & Bases Chapter 19

  15. Acids & Bases

  16. Acids & Bases Acid

  17. Acids & Bases Acid A substance that produces hydrogenions in solution

  18. Acids & Bases Acid + H

  19. Acids & Bases Acid A pH less than 7

  20. Acids & Bases Acid A pH less than 7 pH stands for Powers of Hydrogen

  21. Acids & Bases The pH scale goes from 0 - 14

  22. Acids & Bases The pH scale goes from 0 - 14 7 = Neutral

  23. Acids & Bases Acid 6 = Weakest Acid

  24. Acids & Bases Acid 6.99 = Weakest Acid 0 = Strongest Acid

  25. Acids & Bases Acid

  26. Acids & Bases Acid - PROPERTIES

  27. Acids & Bases Acid - PROPERTIES Tastes sour

  28. Acids & Bases Acid - PROPERTIES Tastes sour Reacts with metal Turns litmus RED

  29. Acids & Bases Acid - EXAMPLES HCl H2SO4 HNO3 H3PO4 H2CO3 HC2H3O2

  30. Acids & Bases

  31. Acids & Bases Base

  32. Acids & Bases Base A substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution

  33. Acids & Bases Base OH

  34. Acids & Bases Base A pH more than 7

  35. Acids & Bases Base

  36. Acids & Bases Base 8 = Weakest Base

  37. Acids & Bases Base 7.01 = Weakest Base 14 = Strongest Base

  38. Acids & Bases Base

  39. Acids & Bases Base - PROPERTIES

  40. Acids & Bases Base - PROPERTIES Tastes bitter

  41. Acids & Bases Base - PROPERTIES Tastes bitter Feels slippery

  42. Acids & Bases Base - PROPERTIES Tastes bitter Feels slippery Turns litmus BLUE

  43. Acids & Bases Base

  44. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES

  45. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES NaOH

  46. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES NaOH KOH

  47. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES NaOH KOH NH3

  48. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES NaOH KOH NH3 Ca(OH)2

  49. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES NaOH KOH NH3 Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2

  50. Acids & Bases Base - EXAMPLES NaOH KOH NH3 Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3

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