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Deuterostome Phyla

26 March 2012. Echinoderms.ppt. 2. Deuterostomes. Informal group of animal phylaKingdom Animalia[subkingdom] DeuterostomesPhylum ChordataPhylum Echinodermata[subkingdom] Protostomes (later). 26 March 2012. Echinoderms.ppt. 3. Deuterostomes. Two major phyla share two embryonic characters Anus

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Deuterostome Phyla

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    1. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 1 Deuterostome Phyla

    2. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 2 Deuterostomes Informal group of animal phyla Kingdom Animalia [subkingdom] Deuterostomes Phylum Chordata Phylum Echinodermata [subkingdom] Protostomes (later)

    3. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 3 Deuterostomes Two major phyla share two embryonic characters Anus develops at site of blastopore (2nd mouth) Mesoderm develops from lateral pouches of endoderm “gut-pouch” coelom

    4. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 4 Deuterostomes Mesoderm develops from lateral pouches of endoderm Pouches of endoderm bulge, pinch off to form “Mesoderm” (3rd germ layer) and “gut pouch” coelom. Cavity enclosed in mesoderm = coelom Coelom: body cavity completely enclosed by mesoderm & not opening to outside.

    5. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 5 Deuterostomes Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Subphylum Urochordata (= tunicates) Subphylum Cephalochordata (= lancelets)

    6. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 6 Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata (Gr. “spiny skin”) Actually, skeleton is spiny. Marine only, largest phylum with no aquatic or terrestrial members. Pentaradial symmetry (NOT “radial”) Endoskeleton of ossicles Water vascular system

    7. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 7 Phylum Echinodermata Pentaradial symmetry (NOT “radial”) 5-sided or 5-part symmetry around an axis Adaptation to sessile or slow-moving life Arrays sense organs & defenses all around body Larvae are bilaterally symmetrical

    8. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 8 Phylum Echinodermata Why pentaradial? Lots of hypotheses, few with much support. Extinct, fossil echinoderms known with 3-, 4-, and 6-radial symmetries.

    9. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 9 Phylum Echinodermata Endoskeleton of ossicles CaCO3, calcium carbonate Echinoderms have left abundant fossils.

    10. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 10 Phylum Echinodermata Water vascular system For circulation, respiration, locomotion feeding

    11. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 11 Phylum Echinodermata How tube feet work Transfer water between ampulla & podium Muscles bend, attach, pull “Suction cup” at end Nervous system coordinates hundreds of tube feet.

    12. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 12 Phylum Echinodermata Class Crinoids Class Sea Stars Class Brittle Stars Class Sea Urchins Class Sea Cucumbers

    13. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 13 Class Crinoids Most similar to ancestral echinoderms Small body with many branched “arms” Mouth (oral side) & tube feet up Feed on organic detritus falling on “arms,” push food to mouth.

    14. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 14 Class Sea Stars Five body extensions (not “arms”); Digestive glands, gonads in extensions; Eversible stomach Predators on clams, barnacles, etc.; Oral side down, walk on tube feet.

    15. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 15 Class Brittle Stars Body disc Thin, flexible “arms”

    16. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 16 Class Sea Urchins Spherical body (flattened in sand dollars) Prominent spines Herbivores

    17. 26 March 2012 Echinoderms.ppt 17 Class Sea Cucumbers Ossicles small, reduced Soft-bodied Worm-like with 5 rows of tube feet Some rows vestigial Oral tentacles Feed on organic detritus

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