ANTE TODO In Spanish, the command forms are used to give orders or advice.

1. ANTE TODO • In Spanish, the command forms are used to give orders or advice. • You use tú commands when you want to give an order or advice to someone you normally address with the familiar tú. • You use the vosotros commands in parts of Spain for giving an order to more than one person you normally address with the familiar. (Most Spanish speakers use the Uds. plural commands.)

2. Affirmative túcommands Infinitive Present tense él / ella form Affirmative tú command hablar  habla  habla (tú) guardar  guarda  guarda (tú) prender  prende  prende (tú) volver  vuelve  vuelve (tú) pedir  pide  pide (tú) imprimir  imprime  imprime (tú) Note: If you include the subject pronoun, which is not necessary, it comes after the command.

3. Affirmative tú commands usually have the same form as the él/ella form of the present indicative. Guarda el documento antes de cerrarlo. (guardar) Save the document before closing it. Imprime tu tarea para la clase de inglés. (imprimir) Print your homework for English class.

4. There are eight irregular affirmative tú commands that must be memorized. decir  di hacer  haz ir  ve poner  pon salir  sal ser  sé tener  ten venir  ven ¡Sal de aquí ahora mismo! Haz los ejercicios. Leave here at once! Do the exercises.

5. Since ir and ver have the same tú command (ve), context will determine the meaning. Ve al cibercafé con Yolanda. Go to the cybercafé with Yolanda. Ve ese programa… es muy interesante. See that program… it’s very interesting.

6. Negative tú commands Infinitive Present tense yo form Negative túcommand hablar  hablo  no hables (tú) guardar  guardo  no guardes (tú) prender  prendo  no prendas (tú) volver  vuelvo  no vuelvas (tú) pedir  pido  no pidas (tú) imprimir  imprimo  no imprimas (tú)

7. The negative tú commands are formed by dropping the final –o of the yo form of the present tense. For –ar verbs, add –es. For –er and –ir verbs, add –as. (parar/prender) Héctor, no pares el carro en el medio de la calle. Héctor, don’t stop the car in the middle of the street. No prendas la computadora todavía. Don’t turn on the computer yet.

8. Verbs with irregular yo forms maintain the same irregularity in their negative tú commands. • These verbs include conducir, conocer, decir, hacer, ofrecer, oír, poner, salir, tener, traducir, traer, venir, and ver. No pongas aquel cederrón en la computadora portátil. Don’t put that CD-ROM in the laptop. No conduzcas tan rápido. Don’t drive so fast.

9. Note also that stem-changing verbs keep their stem changes in negative tú commands. No pierdas tu licencia de conducir. (perder) Don’t lose your driver’s license. No vuelvas a esa gasolinera. (volver) Don’t go back to that gas station. No repitas las instrucciones. (repetir) Don’t repeat the instructions.

10. Verbs ending in –car, –gar, and –zar have a spelling change in the negative tú commands. sacar  c  qu no saques apagar  g  gu no apagues almorzar  z  c no almuerces

11. The following verbs have irregular negative tú commands. InfinitiveNegative túcommand dar no dés estar no estés ir no vayas saber no sepas ser no seas

12. ¡ATENCIÓN! • In affirmative commands, reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns are always attached to the end of the verb. In negative commands, these pronouns always precede the verb. • NOTE: When more than one pronouns is used, the order is always RID. (Indirect before direct, reflexive before all.) Bórralos. / No los borres. Escríbeles un correo electrónico. / No les escribas un correo electrónico.

13. ¡ATENCIÓN! • When a pronoun is attached to an affirmative command that has two or more syllables, an accent mark is added to maintain the original stress: borra → bórralos prende → préndela imprime → imprímelo

14. ¡INTÉNTALO!Indica los mandatos (commands) familiares afirmativos y negativos de estos verbos. 1. correr ____ más rápido. No ____más rápido. 2. llenar ____ el tanque. No ____ el tanque. 3. salir ____ ahora. No ____ ahora. 4. descargar ____ ese documento. No ____ ese documento. 5. venir ____ aquí. No ____ aquí. 6. levantarse ____ temprano. No ____ temprano. 7. volver ____ pronto. No ____ pronto. 8. hacerlo ____ ya. No ____ ahora.

15. The plural familiar command is the vosotros/vosotras command form. (This is not included in 11.1 in the text but is being included in this lesson.) • The affirmative vosotros/vosotras command is simply formed by taking the “r” off of the infinitive and adding “d.” • Hablar Hablad. • Decir Decid. • Comer Comed.

16. However, if the verb is reflexive, take off the “r” of the infinitive and add “os.” * If the verb is a reflexive –ir verb, accent the “i.” • i.e. sentarse = to sit Sentaos vestirse = to get dressed Vestíos

17. NOT REQUIRED UNTIL WE STUDY SUBJUNCTIVE: The negative vosotros/vosotras command is the vosotros of the present subjunctive. For –ar verbs the ending -éis. • hablar No habléis. Don’t speak. • cerrar No cerréis. Don’t close. For –er and –ir verbs is formed and adding áis. • Correr No corráis. Don’t run. • Decir No digáis. Don’t tell.

18. Just as with the negative tú commands, reflexive, indirect object, and direct object pronouns go before the negative vosotros/vosotras commands. Sentarse No os sentéis. Don’t sit. Hacer No lo hagáis. Don’t do it.