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Population genetics & responses to ice-age variability in North Pacific pollock and Pacific cod

Population genetics & responses to ice-age variability in North Pacific pollock and Pacific cod. W.S. Grant, I.B. Spies, L. Hauser & M.F. Canino. Department Biological Sciences, U of A, Anchorage School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, U of W, Seattle

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Population genetics & responses to ice-age variability in North Pacific pollock and Pacific cod

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  1. Population genetics & responses to ice-age variability in North Pacific pollock and Pacific cod W.S. Grant, I.B. Spies, L. Hauser & M.F. Canino Department Biological Sciences, U of A, Anchorage School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, U of W, Seattle Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Seattle

  2. Sources of Genetic Population Structure Population abundance cycles Adult movement Ice age separations & extinctions Mating encounters Year-class strength Climate shifts Larval drift 100,000 10,000 0.001 1,000 0.001 100 0.1 Years 1.0 10 10 Space km 1 100 Month 1,000 Day

  3. Decadal variability (NOAA)

  4. Ice-age Temperatures

  5. Ice-age Temperatures

  6. USGS • Decrease in plankton productivity • Elimination of near-shore nursery areas

  7. Contraction-expansion • Population growth • Low genetic diversity • Haplotypes related to refugia Extinction Warm Cool • High diversity • Haplotypes related • to one another

  8. Multiple southern refugia • Population growth • Low diversity • Connections to refugia • Hybrid zone Extinction • High diversity • Closely related haplotypes Genetic divergence

  9. Local refugia • High diversity • Unique haplotypes • Genetic mosaic Small refugia • High diversity • Closely related haplotypes Genetic divergence

  10. Pollock NW Pacific Aleutians NE Pacific n = 87 n = 142 n = 155

  11. Pacific cod NW Pacific Aleutians NE Pacific NEP south n = 68 n = 107 n = 104 n = 67

  12. Mitochondrial DNA sequences Pollock Pacific cod COI 630 bp ND2+Cytb 1510 bp

  13. Pollock Pacific cod Among pops 1.8% Among groups 5.8% 0.6% 9.8% 93.6% 88.5% Among individuals 4 Groups

  14. Pollock Pacific cod 2.2% Among pops Among groups 5.8% 0.6% 18.6% 93.6% 79.2% Among individuals NW Pacific vs. Others

  15. Pollock Pacific cod 2.2% Among pops Among groups 5.8% 0.6% 18.6% 93.6% 79.2% Among individuals NW Pacific vs. Others Gene 0.74-0.78 0.95-0.98 diversity Pi 1.2-1.4 4.6-6.0

  16. Coalescent gene tree

  17. Expanding Ne Constant Ne

  18. expected t1 observed t2 t3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

  19. Pollock NW Pacific Bering Sea-Aleutians NE Pacific

  20. Pollock NW Pacific Bering Sea-Aleutians NE Pacific

  21. Pacific Cod NW Pacific Aleutians NE Pacific NEP south

  22. NW Pacific Aleutians NE Pacific NEP south

  23. Bayesian estimates of historical Ne 2N n(n – 1) E(Tn) = T2 T3 T4 T5

  24. Bayesian Skyline Plots of Female Ne LGM Pollock NW Pacific Bering Sea-Aleutians NE Pacific

  25. Bayesian Skyline Plots of Female Ne LGM Pollock NW Pacific Bering Sea-Aleutians NE Pacific Pacific cod NW Pacific Aleutians NE Pacific NEP south

  26. Summary • Greater gene flow in pollock • Southern refugia • Northern Pacific cod refugia? • Recent population expansions • Contact zone in W Bering Sea

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