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The Civil War Begins

The Civil War Begins. Section 11- 1 pp. 338-345. Learning Objectives. Explain how the Civil War began Explain Northern and Confederate shortsightedness about the duration of war. Identify the Northern generals and their initial campaign in the West.

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The Civil War Begins

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  1. The Civil War Begins Section 11- 1 pp. 338-345

  2. Learning Objectives • Explain how the Civil War began • Explain Northern and Confederate shortsightedness about the duration of war. • Identify the Northern generals and their initial campaign in the West. • Describe new weapons and other changes in warfare. • Explain Northern and Southern military strategies to capture their opponent's capital

  3. Confederates Fire on Ft. Sumter • Ft. Sumter • One of two remaining Southern forts under Union control • Confederacy demanded surrender from Union • Union supplies running out

  4. Confederates Fire on Ft. Sumter • Lincoln’s Dilemma • Surrender and give legitimacy to Confederacy? • Defend Ft. Sumter and risk starting a war and alienating border states? • Solution: Send “food for hungry men” • Confederates attacked on April 12, 1861 • Union General Anderson surrendered

  5. Confederates Fire on Ft. Sumter • Effects of Confederate Victory at Ft. Sumter • Men from both sides enlist in military • Virginia decides to secede from Union • Important resources to help South • Prompted 3 other states to secede • West Virginia separates from Virginia

  6. Americans Expect a Short War • Union and Confederate Strategies • The Union’s Anaconda Plan • Blockade Southern ports to prevent imports/exports • Control the Mississippi River to split the CSA in two • Capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, VA • Southern Strategy • Capture Washington, D.C. • Seize central Pennsylvania • Divide Northeast from Midwest • Gain recognition from other nations

  7. Americans Expect a Short War • First Battle at Bull Run (July 1861) • Union General Irvin McDowell • CSA inspired by Gen. Thomas “Stonewall Jackson” • CSA defeats Union • Significance: • Shows war will be long and bloody • CSA morale soars • CSA fails to attack D.C.

  8. Union Armies in the West • Lincoln appoints Gen. George McClellan to command Union army and calls for more enlistments

  9. Union Armies in the West • Gen. Ulysses Grant captures two important CSA forts on strategic river locations in Feb. 1862

  10. Union Armies in the West • Battle of Shiloh (April 1862) • CSA troops surprise Union, led by U.S. Grant • Union counterattack forces CSA retreat • Significance: • Bloodiest battle of war • Showed Anaconda Plan might succeed • Union Gen. David Farragut captures New Orleans in April 1862

  11. Revolution in Warfare • Improvements in technology changed military strategy and led to high casualty rates • New Technologies • Ironclad Ships • Rifle • Minie Ball • Grenades • Land Mines

  12. The War for the Capitals • McClellan vs. Lee • McClellan: Extremely cautious • Lee forces McClellan to abandon pursuit of Richmond

  13. The War for the Capitals • Antietam (Sep ‘62) • Union uncovers Lee’s plans • Both sides suffer high casualties • McClellan fails to pursue Lee • Lincoln fires McClellan

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