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The Civil War Begins

Main Idea. Why it Matters Now. The Civil War Begins. The nation’s identity was forged in part by the Civil War. 11.1 Objectives. Prelude to War. Coexistence of a slave-owning South with an increasingly anti-slavery North made conflict likely, if not inevitable Abraham Lincoln –

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The Civil War Begins

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  1. Main Idea • Why it Matters Now The Civil War Begins The nation’s identity was forged in part by the Civil War

  2. 11.1 Objectives

  3. Prelude to War • Coexistence of a slave-owning South with an increasingly anti-slavery North made conflict likely, if not inevitable • Abraham Lincoln – • 7 States secede from the Union following Lincoln’s election • South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas • Lincoln disputed legality of secession, considered it to be outright rebellion • Jefferson Davis – • Confederacy sought to establish itself as an independent nation

  4. Confederates Fire on Sumter • Fort Sumter – • Lincoln’s Dilemma – if he called reinforcements he’d be seen as starting hostilities. If he allowed Confederacy to take Sumter, he’d be seen as weak • He chooses neither, and commands his military leaders to stand their ground and make the South fire first • Jefferson Davis orders troops to take Sumter, launching Civil War • Davis angered by the fact Union maintained Fort in South • Davis feared Southern states might rejoin Union without drastic action

  5. The Fighting Begins • Young men from North and South rushed to join the effort. Both sides had an envisioned a short and victorious war • Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas and Tennessee secede once fighting begins, bringing total to 11 states • Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware and Missouri remain in the Union despite pro-slavery views. Lincoln bribes them with favorable treatment • Division of Virginia – • Bull Run – • Stonewall Jackson –

  6. Northern Military Strategy

  7. War Heats Up Quickly • Lincoln requested an addition 1 million troops to enlist after defeat at Bull Run, eventually instituting a draft • George McClellan – • David G. Farragut – • Idea was to disrupt the cotton trade with European buyers

  8. Union Armies of the West • Ulysses S. Grant – • Battle of Shiloh – bloody battle on Mississippi-Tennessee border. Union won, both sides learned that they needed scouts and trenches

  9. War of the Capitals • Union tries and fails to capture Richmond, Confederacy fails to capture DC. Both capitals were only 50 miles apart, causing a large amount of fighting to take place in between • Robert E. Lee – • Lee was offered control of the Union army by Lincoln himself, but chose to follow his home state of Virginia into the Confederacy despite conflicted views on slavery • Antietam – • Both sides lost more than 10% of overall troops, with casualties around 26,000 combined • Victory gives Lincoln confidence to issue Emancipation Proclamation. This would make Union cause a crusade against slavery, would prevent European powers from entering war in support of South

  10. Revolution in Warfare • Iron clad ships could withstand cannon fire and resist burning • Monitor – Northern iron clad,Merrimack – Southern iron clad • Rifles, soft lead bulletsmade weapons fire further and more accurately

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