CAN INDUSTRY COEXIST WITH A HEALTHY POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT

1. CAN INDUSTRY COEXIST WITH A HEALTHY POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT

2. The 19th (1800’s) century brought change: • Production of items became mechanized. • Factories produced a growing number of goods. • Quantities of goods produced increased. • People left the countryside to move closer to the factories in towns and cities (known as urbanization).

3. During the 20th century… • Agriculture and hand manufacture decreased drastically and was replaced by Industry (factories and mass production!). An activity is ”industrial” when… • Transforms natural resources into mass-produced goods. • Costs money to manufacture these items. • Requires skilled labour. What do industries produce? • Almost everything around us is manufactured industrially, from airplanes to clothes, including medicines and computers.

5. Four Types of Industries 1. Heavyindustry: • It involvesextractingmetalslikeiron, aluminium, copper, tin and leadfrom ore. • It alsoincludeschemical plants and oilrefineries. 2. Processing industry: • Transforms materials (metal, food, wood, etc.) into goods (motors, plastic, paper to be used by another industry)

6. 3. Hi-tech industry: • These include all products manufactured in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, computers and electronics, aerospace, and telecommunications. 4. Consumer goods industry: • Manufactures products such as processed foods, clothing, house-hold appliances, cars, furniture and toys (for individual consumption).

7. What is a industrial territory? • Activities in this space are mostly industrial. • St-Laurent has an industrial park. Typical characteristics of industrial parks: • This area is comprised of industrial plants. • There’s a road and rail network for transportingrawmaterials and finishedproducts. • There are ports and airports for exportingproducts.

8. 4. Energy transportation system to keepfactories running.5. There is enough people to meet labour needs.

9. Are industries in the North or the South? Some of the wealthy countries that are usually present at G7 or G20 meetings: • United States • Japan • Germany • United Kingdom • France • Canada • Italy

10. Industrialization around the world • The European Union, North America and Japan are highly industrialised. • Other countries, like China, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan are considered “emerging industrial powers”.

11. American Toys – made in China: Case Study • Barbie dolls are made by Mattel. • Mattel is a multinational based in the United States. • The dolls, however, are made in China! Why? 1. Reduce production costs 2. Increase profit

12. These multinationals relocate to other countries where the cost of production is lower than in developed countries like Canada or United States.

13. Why move United Stated-based companies to China? • Chinese workers are paid less (lower wages). • Chinese government offers better rates on buying and transporting raw materials and energy. • American companies pay less taxes (tax reductions) and do not pay any duty fees (tax exemptions).

14. Making dolls is an international effort! • China offers manufacturing site, labour, and electricity. • Japan provides nylon (doll's hair) • Saudi Arabia offers oil. • Taiwan transforms oil to ethylene to plastic. • United States and Japan manufacture most of the machinery and tools used to produce goods.

15. Is “offshoring” good for everyone? • Relocating production to another country is called “offshoring”. • Offshoring is closing down a plant in American and reopening it in a foreign country. IN FAVOR • Companies like Mattel benefit from offshoring because it increases their profits • Chinese leaders are also in favor of it because offshoring to China has created 1.2 million jobs

16. American employees are against offshoring because it means job losses in the United States. • The Mattel factory in Kentucky closed down in 2002. • Humanitarian organizations have noted that “offshoring” to developing countries can sometimes lead to bad working conditions.

17. The Great Lakes automotive industry: What of its future? • American car companies are concentrated in the Great Lakes region. • Detroit is home to General motors, Ford and Chrysler. Canada's automotive industry: • Most factories are in Ontario between Windsor and Oshawa.

18. En route to… relocation: • Japan is a fierce competitor in the automotive industry. • Since the 1960s, the rise of Japanese car companies (Toyota, Nissan and Honda) has affected the sales of American made cars. • Japanese cars were more compact and consumed less gas.

19. GM, Ford and Chrysler made the decision to offshore (relocate its companies to Mexico in order to remain competitive with Japan by lower their production costs). • Relocating to Mexico meant closing many factories in the United States and Canada.

20. General Motors, Ste-Thérèse (the end): A monthly union meeting of former GM employees, TCA local 1163, in their spaces in the town of Boisbriand — despite the plant’s closing, bringing thirty years’ operation and Quebec’s automotive industry to an end. The parking lot storing the last Impalas, the only view one has of the production as access to the manufacturing premises was denied. We’re on the outside, and that’s where we’ll stay, the factory having been torn down. 2004 Working, Mercer Union, Toronto.

21. The case of Detroit: • It was once the automotive capital of the United States. • Relocating factories to Mexico really affected the Great Lakes region. • The region still manufactures cars however, it has reorganized production by installing technology that reduces the number of employees (labor) and making cars that sell really well in America.