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The difference is CLEAR

The difference is CLEAR. 2014 Iowa Renewable Fuels Summit. Our Heritage. More than 90 years of successful project delivery across multiple market sectors. 1915.

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The difference is CLEAR

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  1. The difference is CLEAR 2014 Iowa Renewable Fuels Summit

  2. Our Heritage More than 90 years of successful project delivery across multiple market sectors 1915 Providing technology, product innovation, engineering solutions and strategic consulting to the world’s automotive industries since 1915 Ricardo is a global, world-class, multi-industry consultancy for engineering, technology, project innovation and strategy. 2013

  3. Global Reach

  4. Products & Services Engines Vehicle Engineering Performance Products Environmental Consulting Transmissions & Driveline Software Hybrid/Electrical Systems Strategic Consulting

  5. Diverse Market Sectors

  6. Passenger Car High PerformanceVehicles &Motorsport Commercial Vehicles Agricultural & Industrial Vehicles Motorcycles &PersonalTransportation Rail Clean Energy & Power Generation Defence Government Marine TACOM UK MoD Our Clients We have experience working with leading companies across a number of demanding market sectors

  7. Legendary Automotive Innovators: Henry Ford, Charles Kettering (GM), and Sir Harry Ricardo – Ethanol Based Fuels • Anticipated depletion of petroleum reserves • Expressed hope for a destiny beyond fossil energy • Ford expected bio-fuels would strengthen the rural economy • Kettering planned to help the auto industry avoid oil shortages • Sir Harry hoped to promote national energy security • All three had views on ethanol as an anti-knock additive • Over 90 years ago “Ricardo Discol racing spirit” was patented, an alcohol-blended fuel • The work continues today … questions include: • What is the ultimate fuel economy possible from downsizing? • Where is the “sweet spot” for fuel octane ?

  8. Combustion Optimisation Charge/Boost Technology Advanced Fuel Injection Downsizing Friction reduction Exhaust Gas Heat Recovery Disruptive Revolutionary Technologies New Ideas in Thermodynamics Low Carbon Sustainable Fuels Integrated Cycles Cross Sector Innovation New Processes Intelligent Automation Evolutionary development of current technologies will deliver benefits – but disruptive technologies can be game changers Iterative Evolutionary Technologies Current ICE Technology Hybrid Systems Energy Recovery Low Carbon Propulsion Systems Combination of Function Source: Ricardo Analysis

  9. Downsizing & Boosting- Synergy With Ethanol • Downsize boosting strategy allows a smaller optimized engine to be used in place of a large naturally aspirated engine • Injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber allows better cooling of the combustion chamber and allows higher compression ratios • Higher compression ratios allow improved fuel economy • Higher octane fuels allow engines to run at higher compression ratios • A positive property of ethanol is the latent heat of vaporization

  10. EBDI- Extreme Boosted Direct InjectionA Ricardo Technology Demonstrator EBDI= EXTREME Downsizing Fuel economy improvement benefit for multiple applications: • Passenger cars • Truck and medium duty vehicles • Off road applications: Agricultural and Construction • Objective: • Develop a 3.2L Spark Ignited engine running on E85 ethanol with performance of 6-7L diesel engine: • Provide flexible powertrain optimized for operation on standard pump gasoline to E85 Provides a scalable SI engine technology package

  11. EBDI- Extreme Boosted Direct InjectionSignificantly Improved SI Fuel Economy Using standard vehicle transmission: • Achieved diesel like fuel efficiency • Higher fuel economy over FTP75 cycle • 26.5% higher compared to existing gasoline engine • 3.5% higher compared to existing diesel engine • Further improvements in highway performance is possible by optimizing the vehicle’s transmission gear ratios

  12. EBDI- Extreme Boosted Direct InjectionHigh Performance Capability Achieved diesel like performance: • Low speed torque • Broad torque curve • High torque (900 Nm)

  13. Conclusion: During the next decade internal combustion engines will become significantly more efficient • Future fleet fuel economy targets in the U.S. will require significant changes in engine technology over the next 10–15 years • Vehicle electrification will be part of the solution, but the vast majority of vehicles sold in 2025 will use internal combustion engines as the primary form of propulsion • Battery-only electric vehicles will only represent a niche market • Engines will have higher specific power from using technologies such as • Direct injection • Turbocharging or similar boost systems • Higher compression ratios • Ethanol fuel properties make it possible to match diesel efficiency in a highly Boosted Engine by means of downsizing • Combine with downspeeding to create further benefits Future powertrain solutions will have a natural thirst for higher octane fuels

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