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Colonialism- Puritanism 1650-1750

Colonialism- Puritanism 1650-1750. 1620 – Mayflower “all people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ”. Genre/Style: sermons, diaries – Cotton Mather personal narratives /letters poems – Anne Bradstreet. Rationalism/ Age of Enlightenment 1750-1800.

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Colonialism- Puritanism 1650-1750

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  1. Colonialism- Puritanism 1650-1750 1620 – Mayflower “all people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ” Genre/Style: sermons, diaries – Cotton Mather personal narratives /letters poems – Anne Bradstreet

  2. Rationalism/ Age of Enlightenment1750-1800 the Founding Fathers – The American Revolution (1775-1783) democratic utopia Genre/Style:political pamphlets – rise of journalismtravel writinghighly ornate writing style Thomas Paine – The Age of Reason, Common Sense Thomas Jefferson – The Declaration of Independence Benjamin Franklin – Poor Richard’s Almanac , Autobiography

  3. 19th Century • Thriving economy • 1850s – the Gold Rush • Industrial Revolution – H. Ford, A. Bell (1876) • Lack of political unity – rivalry North vs South • The Civil War (1861-1865) – Abraham Lincoln • Anti-discrimination measures – 14th, 15th amendments • Slavery segregation (KKK) • Laws restricting immigration (1882)

  4. American Renaissance/Romanticism1800-1855 Washington Irving – The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip van Winkle (1819) James Fenimore Cooper – the “American Walter Scott” – The Last of the Mohicans (1826) Edgar Allen Poe- darker side of human nature – GOTHIC double – supernatural TRANSCENDENTALISM - finding the truth through feeling and intuition Ralph Waldo Emerson – Nature (1836), Self-Reliance (1841) Henry David Thoreau – Civil Disobedience (1841), Walden (1854)

  5. Nathaniel Hawthorne- man in society The Scarlet Letter (1850) Herman Melville Moby Dick (1851) – a ‘wild and mad novel’ Mark Twain – the ‘human journey’ Life on the Mississippi (1883) The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) Harriet Beecher Stowe – “So you’re the little woman who made the book that made the great war” Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

  6. Poetry • Walt Whitman – Leaves of Grass (1855) –experimental poetry “I celebrate myself and sing myself Nothing, not God, is greater than the self is” • Emily Dickinson – personal and pure kind of poetry – unconventional style

  7. Realism1855-1900 • Content: common characters not idealized (immigrants, laborers) people in society defined by class society corrupted by materialism • William Dean Howells A Modern Instance (1882) – divorce • Edward Bellamy Looking Backward, 2000-1887 • Henry James – ‘recorder of the times’ – psychological realism The Portrait of a Lady (1881) The Ambassadors (1903)

  8. Naturalism1880-1900 • writers reflect the ideas of Darwin and Karl Marx • the "brute within" • fight for survival in an amoral, indifferent world – ‘the ugly side’ • fictional world is commonplace and unheroic - dull existence Stephen Crane - The Red Badge of Courage (1895) Frank Norris – the world=battlefield between uncontrollable forces Jack London – Call of the Wild (1903)

  9. 1900-1950 • War with Spain (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam the Philippines) • 1919 – Woodrow Wilson – The League of Nations • 1920s- the Roaring Twenties – excess and enjoyment • 1920-1933 – Prohibition organised crime • 1929 –Wall Street Crash the Great Depression • F.D. Roosevelt – The New Deal • 1945 – US joins the UN • 1948 – the Marshall Plan (Aid) • 1949- NATO

  10. Modernist Fiction • alienation and disconnection • fragmentation, juxtaposition • interior monologue, stream of consciousness Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie (1900) An American Tragedy (1925) Edith Wharton The House of Mirth (1905) Gertrude Stein

  11. The Lost Generation • They had “grown up to find al gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken.” • The Jazz Age – “borrowed time” 1925 1937 1929 1929

  12. Modernist Poetry • Robert Frost - The Road Not Taken • T.S. Eliott– The Waste Land (1923) • Ezra Pound – In a Station of the Metro (1915) • e.e. cummings -

  13. Modernist Drama 1947 1941 1948 1962

  14. Post-War(?) America • The 50s - Consumerism and baby boom • The Koren War (1950-1951) • Protest against the Vietnam War (1960-1973) – Make love, not war • Civil Rights Movement – Martin Luther King -1968 • The Cold War – the space race – Ronald Reagan • The Gulf War -1991 • 9/11 - Afghanistan • globalisation

  15. Postmodernism – the Age of Anxiety • popular culture • loneliness, “search for self” • mixing of fantasy with nonfiction; blurs lines of reality for readerno heroes The Beat Generation (60s,70s) - called for a ‘revolution in consciousness’ 1948 1966 1951 1964

  16. 1952 1958 1959 1957

  17. 1960 1961 1987 1969

  18. Post-modernist Poetry • Alan Ginsberg – Howl (1956) • Robert Lowell – confessional poetry • Sylvia Plath • Langston Hughes – Harlem Renaissance

  19. Nobel Prize winners • 1930: Sinclair Lewis • 1936: Eugene O'Neill • 1938: Pearl S. Buck • 1948: T. S. Eliot • 1949: William Faulkner • 1954: Ernest Hemingway • 1962: John Steinbeck • 1976: Saul Bellow • 1978: Isaac Bashevis Singer (wrote in Yiddish) • 1987: Joseph Brodsky (wrote in Russian and English) • 1993: Toni Morrison

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