Long-Range Regional Considerations of Sustainability: The Smart Approach for Growth Scenario 3

1. Long-Range Regional Considerations of Sustainability ... The Smart  Approach for Growth Scenario 3 M. Casey Swemba Margaret Newman Satya Subha Vyakaranam

2. General Goals: • Prevent inefficiencies through • Duplication and • Suboptimization of existing infrastructure. • Preserve green space and promote sustainable development. • Enhance lively and equitable social networks within neighborhoods and among municipalities.

3. Rules for Expansive Thinking • No Constraints • Ability to change governmental form • Change state law • Adequate funding • An example is Barnstable, Mass.

4. The Success Stories …. • 2007 Winner- EPA NationalAward for Smart Growth Achievement • Town of Barnstable • Hyannis, Massachusetts • Pre-Smart Growth Development Trends • Growth at urban edges characterized by low-density residential and strip retail • Downtown plagued with vacant storefronts. • Impacts • Disinvestment in existing infrastructure. • Erosion of the town’s core and natural environment. • Strategy • Encourage redevelopment in core with infrastructure in place. • Decrease Greenfield development at boundaries. • Source: http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/awards/sg_awards_publication_2007.htm#built_projects

5. Barnstable’s Award Winning Plan • Realign development trends toward areas with existing infrastructure. • Set forth design guidelines and mixed-use zoning. • Require mixed income integration through inclusionary zoning • Reinvest in infrastructure and urban streetscapes. • Improve connections and public access to the waterfront. • Source: http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/awards/sg_awards_publication_2007.htm#built_projects

6. The Results “What just a few years ago was a blighted and underperforming village center is now a place where people desire to live, work and play.” The same canone day be true of Northeast Ohio.

7. What Could Ohio Do? • Mandate planning at the state or regional level. • Adopt building moratorium. • Realign growth in accordance with a NEO Regional Smart Growth Plan. • Repeal the legal basis for Ohio’s Home Rule regime: Article XVIII § 3 of the Ohio Constitution. • Three Amendment Methods: • Legislative enactment. • Constitutional convention. • Initiative and referendum of the people.

8. NEO Smart Growth Plan: Step 1 • Establish growth boundaries around established NEO cores. Scenario 3 - Projected Lake Erie

9. NEO Smart Growth Plan: Step 1 ..Contd • Curb Sprawl • Preserve Open Space and Farmland • Encourage redevelopment of INNER CITIES • Minimize large size lots and encourage high density • Clearly separate Urban and Rural areas • Ensure the orderly transition of land from Rural to urban uses • Promote a sense of unified community

10. NEO Smart Growth Plan: Step Two • Enhance Connectivity among and within two smart growth centers TROLLEY LITE RAIL Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)

11. NEO Smart Growth Plan: Step Two … Contd • TOD provides more travel options. Fewer automobiles and parking spaces are needed. • Land for parking can instead be used for other purposes. • Environmental Benefits of TOD • Air quality is improved • Green space is preserved • Parking lot rainwater run-off to sewers is minimized • Social Benefits of TOD • TOD facilitates labor force involvement for those without, and those who choose not to own an automobile • Livability and other quality of life factors are enhanced throughout communities and the region • TOD creates attractive places that bring people and dollars into the community. • TOD supports neighborhood revitalization, which in turn promotes economic development and long-term growth

12. NEO Smart Growth Plan : Step Three • Redirect growth towardestablished communities. • Increase density through Brownfield and other infill redevelopment. • Secure remediation funds through • Ohio Department of Development's Urban and Rural Initiative • Employ funds in two phases: • Spark economic development through 1-2 infill projects at nodes of maximal regional impact. • Enhance local communities through temporary asphalt gardens or like initiatives. • Bielen, M., The Ohio State University, Brownfields and Their Redevelopment, available at http://ohioline.osu.edu/cd-fact/1527.html

13. Existing Brownfields

14. Phase I: BrownfieldInfill at Crucial Nodes • Example: Detroit Shoreway • Facilitate existing plans. • Offer BERI-funded remediation to Developers in return for public-private building cooperation. • Synergy: • Increase use of existing service infrastructure • Enhance use of our planned shoreline trolley • Connect core to western inner-ring suburbs • Increase access to environmental amenities.

15. Phase II: Small-Scale Infill • Objective: • Temporarily alleviate pollution- induced blight by creating parks without remediation • Improve social conditions of residents • Improve commercial value of adjacent parcels • Approach: • Place asphalt gardens throughout core where • Green spaceis determined to be a needed amenity or • Permanent remediation funds are not available.

16. NEO Smart Growth Plan : Step Four • Areas that bear no relationship to the transportation framework are defined by Form-based zoning codes • Regulate development to achieve a specific urban form in order to create a specific type of “place” • Address form or type of building more than use, whereas conventional zoning addresses use more than form

17. It should be aimed to be an Overlay on the Zoning code of the inner City • Emphasize mixed use and a mix of housing typesto bring destinations into close proximity to housing and provide housing choices to meet many individuals’ needs at different times in their lives. • Greater attention is given to streetscape and the design of the public realm, and the role of individual buildings in shaping the public realm. • A design-focused public participation process is essential to assure thorough discussion of land use issues as the code is created. This helps reduce conflict, misunderstanding and the need for hearings as individual projects are reviewed

18. NEO Smart Growth Plan : Step Five Existing green space

19. NEO Smart Growth Plan : Step Five • Coordinate operations between ALL park departments at local, county, and state levels • Create green space land bank that buys parcels for future assemblage • Encourage sharing recreational amenities Scenario 3 - Projected

20. Existing Recreation Centers

21. Final Matrix • Final Matrix.xls

22. Questions