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Evolution of Ethnomusicology: Insights from Comparative Musicology Discourses (1880-1980)

Explore the transformation of music studies, from comparative musicology to ethnomusicology, analyzing cultural contexts, primitive cultures, and the intersection of music and anthropology. Delve into the dilemmas of postcolonialism and cultural studies shaping ethnomusicological discourse.

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Evolution of Ethnomusicology: Insights from Comparative Musicology Discourses (1880-1980)

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  1. From Vergleichender Musikwissenschaft to Etnomusikology (the rise of theories) Adler, Guido (1885): „... die vergleichende Musikwissenschaft, die sich zur Aufgabe macht, die Tonproducte, insbesondere die Volksgesänge verschiediner Völker, Länder und Territorien behufs ethnographischer Zwecke zu vergleichen und nach der Verschiedenheit ihrer Beschaffenheit zu gruppiren und sondern.“ Hornbostel, Erich Moritz (1905): „Die Gefahr ist groß, daß die rapide Ausbreitung der europäischen Kultur auch die letzten Spuren fremden Singens und Sagen vertilgt. Wir müssen retten, was zu retten ist...“ Lachmann, Robert (1935): „Aussereuropäische Musik wird ohne das Mittel der Schrift überliefert; ihre Untersuchung erfordert daher andere Methoden als die der abendländischen Kunstmusik.“ Sachs, Curt (1943): „comparative musicology... (is)... the primitive and Oriental branch of music history.“ Kunst, Jaap (1950): „To the question: what is the study-object of comparative musicology, the answer must be: mainly the music and the musical instruments of all non-European peoples, including both the so-called primitive peoples and the civilized Eastern nations.“

  2. Nettl, Bruno (1956): „The study of primitive music falls within the scope of comparative musicology, or, it is often termed, ethnomusicology, the science that deals with the music of peoples outside of Western civilization.“ Hood, Mantle (1957): „(Ethno) musicology is a field of knowledge, having as its object the investigation of the art of music as a physical, psychological, aesthetic, and cultural phenomenon. The (ethno) musicologist is a research scholar, and he aims primarily at knowledge about music.“ Merriam, Alan P. (1960): „... the study of music in culture.“ Nketia, J.H. Kwabena (1962): „The study of music as a universal aspect of human behaviour is becoming increasingly recognized as the focus of Ethnomusicology.“ Nettl, Bruno (1965): „The field that provides research in ... (folk/non-Western music)‏ .. is now known as ethnomusicology. Before about 1950 it was commonly called comparative musicology, and it is a sort of borderline area between musicology (the study of all aspects of music in a scholarly fashion) and anthropology (the study of man, his culture, and especially the cultures outside the investigator's own background).“

  3. Hood, Mantle (1969): „Ethnomusicology is an approach to the study of any music, not only in terms of itself but also in relation to its cultural context.“ Nettl, Bruno (1975): „Ethnomusicology is the comparative study of musical cultures, particularly as total systems including sound and behaviour with the use of field research.“ discourses between 1880's-1980's - collecting, securing, classifications – Kulturkreislehre/Evolution - primitiv/cultures withour writing systems - from „so-called primitive“ to „primitive“ - Non-Europea/ outside of western civilizations - “music”? in-/outside of culture - alterity – music, me and the outside dann: jede Art von Musik / u.a. Entstehung der Zeitschrift „The world of music“ in den 70ziger Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts

  4. 1980's Dilemma in Anthropology – cultural realtivism/ cultural studies/ cross-cultural studie Steven Fields “Sound and Sentiment” (1982) Anthony Seegers “why suya sing” (1987) cultural specific taxonomy and axionomy (Menezes Bastos) since 1990's Postcolonial studies – Ethnomusikology as “political not correct” rassism, colonialsm (Stuart Hall) keyword: EthnoMusicLogik (Ismaiel-Wendt 2011) postmodern discourses, gender studies (repräsentations/reflexion) since 2000's specifications– ICTM Study groups “music and politics, music and “nature”, music sociology symbolic anthropology as paradigm (Geertz) since 2010's individual eclectic theorizing neocolonial paradigm; “competence” before “content” sound ecology/ sound ontology (e.g.: Lewy, Brabec de Mori, Stoichita)

  5. Die Berliner Schule – Vergleichende Musikwissenschaft 1900-2000 Guido Adler 1855-1941 - österreichischer Musikwissenschaftler - Vierteljahrsschrift für Musikwissenschaft - 1885 erstmaliger Erwähnung einer

  6. Carl Stumpf (1848-1936) - Gründer des Berliner Phonogramm-Archivs - Tonpsychologie - Anfänge der Musik 1911

  7. Erich Moritz von Hornbostel (1875-1935) - Gründer des Berliner Phonogramm-Archivs - Vergleichende Musikwissenschaft (vergleicht nicht mehr und nicht weniger als andere Wissenschaften auch...) - Systematik der Musikinstrumente (mit Curt Sachs)

  8. Curt Sachs (1881-1959) - Vergleichende Musikwissenschaft/Musik der Fremdkulturen (….sie beginnt geschichtlich zu scheiden und die Hauptzüge einer Entwicklung bloßzulegen, die von den rohen Anfängen bis zu der Ebene steigt, auf der sich das Hochgebirge der modernen europäischen Tonkunst aufbaut..) - Systematik der Musikinstrumente (mit Erich Moritz von Hornbostel)

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