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From Rome to Byzantium & the Rise of Christianity

Explore the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire, from the rule of Judaea to the conversion of Emperor Constantine. Discover the spread of Christianity and the challenges faced during the Third Century Crisis and Barbarian Invasions. Learn about the legacy of Rome, including its government, law, language, and engineering marvels.

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From Rome to Byzantium & the Rise of Christianity

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  1. From Rome to Byzantium & the Rise of Christianity

  2. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

  3. Rise of Christianity • Judaea put under Roman rule in 6 CE • Jews awaited for the Messiah who would liberate them from Roman rule • After Jesus’ death, believers thought he was resurrected • Paul, a convert, became a missionary set on teaching about Christos

  4. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

  5. Converts • From poor, disenfranchised groups • Women • Slaves • Urban poor • Were persecuted by Roman officials because they refused to worship the emperor • By late 3rd century, converts included many educated and prosperous people • Economics helped the spread • roads

  6. The Rise of Christianity

  7. The Spread of Christianity

  8. Imperial Roman Road System

  9. Third Century Crisis • 235-284 • Political, military, & economic problems • Frequent change of rulers • Invaders • Germanic tribes from the north • Gauls from the west • Drain on economy—taxes • Amount of precious metal in coins was reduced devaluing coins • People began bartering • Paxromana failing

  10. The Empire in Crisis: 3c

  11. Diocletian • Rose through army ranks to become Emperor • Radical reforms that saved the Roman state • Used price controls to halt inflation • Froze people in their professions • Split Rome in two parts • Even though reforms worked, people began to see Rome as oppressive & not worthy of their loyalty

  12. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

  13. Constantine: 312 - 337 • Reunited Rome • Claimed to have a Christian conversion • Edict of Milan – ending persecution of Christians & guaranteeing freedom of worship

  14. Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome” (Founded in 334)

  15. Byzantium • Conflict between, eastern Greek lands & the Latin west • East became known as Byzantium (Byzantine Empire) • West = Roman Catholic • East = Eastern Orthodox

  16. Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

  17. Fall of Rome • East & West formally split in 395 • Byzantine armies continued to fight Germanic tribes • Gaul, Britain, Spain, & North Africa fell to Germanic peoples in early 5th century • Rome sacked in 410, 476 last Emperor gone!!! • By 530 all old Western Rome under small Germanic kingdoms • In the city of Rome, local families competed for the position as patriarch of the Western Church, which the title was Pope

  18. The Legacy of Rome • Republic Government • Roman Law • Latin Language (Romance=Portuguese, Italian, French, Spanish & Romanian) • Roman Catholic Church • Roman Engineering • Aqueducts • Sewage systems • Dams • Cement

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