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Progressives

Learn about corruption and political machines, including Boss Tweed's control over NYC. Explore the spoils system, monopoly control, and the fight for food safety. Discover the role of muckrakers and the three causes women fought for. Finally, explore the progressive presidents and their reforms, including Roosevelt's Square Deal and the progressive amendments.

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Progressives

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  1. Progressives

  2. Fighting Corruption • a. What is corruption? • Dishonest or illegal actions • Ex: governor takes “government” plane to a vacation • Ex: town councilman takes a bribe and votes to build a highway • b. What are political machines? • Powerful organizations linked to political parties • Controlled local government (city council, mayor etc…) • Controlled who got government jobs • c. Who is Boss Tweed? • William Tweed who controls NYC Democratic Party

  3. Corruption • Political Machines • & Boss Tweed • William M. Tweed ran New York City’s • Democratic Party political machine • The Tweed Ring controlled the city’s • police, courts and some newpapers • Collected millions of dollars in bribes • Thomas Nast • Newspaper cartoonist exposes • corruption in NYC in the paper • Tweed is investigated, arrested, • found guilty and sent to prison • Cities across the nation attempt to • end corruption

  4. Spoils System • Spoils System • Andrew Jackson formalized practice of • patronage that gives supporters jobs in • government • Many people who get jobs are • unqualified • President Hayes and Garfield attempt to • end the system • Pendelton Act • President Arthur signs bill that • establishes the Civil Service • Commission • Applicants for federal government • jobs must pass examination • demonstrating the skills necessary • for the job

  5. What company?

  6. Monopoly • Monopoly • Trusts and monopolies controlled certain • key industries (oil, steel etc…) • Many believed they had too much money • and power • Sherman-Anti Trust Act • In early, 1900s, the law is used to break up monopolies • Most famous monopoly broken up was the Standard Oil Trust • T. Roosevelt was known as the “trust buster”

  7. Railroads • ICC • In 1887, Interstate Commerce Act passed • Required railroad companies to charge and publish “reasonable and just” rates • Oligopoly • A few companies controlled prices of railroads in the entire industry

  8. Food • Food • “Horrors” of the meatpacking industry • Mukrakers & • Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle • Muckrakers are reporters who expose • corruption in society • (muck = dirt = corruption) • Upton Sinclair writes a book about the • meat packing industry shocking people • Congress passes the Meat Inspection • Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act

  9. Muckrakers a. Who where the Muckrakers? How did they expose problems in America? • Muckrakers are reporters who expose corruption in society (muck = dirt = corruption) • Ida Tarbell = exposed unfair practices of Standard Oil • Upton Sinclair = “horrors” food industry • Robert La Follette = encouraged direct primary elections

  10. What were three causes “women” fought for to improve America? • Suffrage – “woman’s vote” • Charities and Community Organization – settlement houses and libraries • Prohibition – banning alcohol

  11. What three presidents are known as “progressive presidents”? List one cause that they helped reform. • Theodore Roosevelt - conservation • William Howard Taft – anti-trusts & worker safety • Woodrow Wilson – tariff reform

  12. Roosevelt’s Square Deal • “Fair and equal treatment for all citizens” • Proposed an active role for FEDERAL GOVERNMENT to balance problems between “big business” and “labor” • Treated labor unions as equals (miner’s strike) • Uses Sherman Anti-Trust Act – against trusts • Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act – safer food by inspection • Antiquities Act – president controls “public lands”

  13. “Progressive” Amendments • 16th Amendment – Income Tax (allows for tariff reform and prohibition of liquor) • 17th Amendment – Direct Election of Senators (more democracy – people vote)

  14. 18th Amendment – Prohibition of Liquor (no making, transporting, buying or selling of liquor) • 19th Amendment – Women’s Right to Vote (allows for women to vote in all elections)

  15. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.old-picture.com/american-history-1900-1930s/pictures/Immigrants-Arriving-Ellis-Island.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.old-picture.com/american-history-1900-1930s/Immigrants-Arriving-Island-Ellis.htm&usg=__YOAEsoCVHOtz7rWS9YUFj0pMB3c=&h=372&w=570&sz=40&hl=en&start=13&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Umfa1F2zSjCeMM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dimmigrants%2Bellis%2Bisland%2Bphotographs%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26tbs%3Disch:1http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.old-picture.com/american-history-1900-1930s/pictures/Immigrants-Arriving-Ellis-Island.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.old-picture.com/american-history-1900-1930s/Immigrants-Arriving-Island-Ellis.htm&usg=__YOAEsoCVHOtz7rWS9YUFj0pMB3c=&h=372&w=570&sz=40&hl=en&start=13&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Umfa1F2zSjCeMM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dimmigrants%2Bellis%2Bisland%2Bphotographs%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26tbs%3Disch:1

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