Higher Education Development in Vietnam and its Trends for the Future

1. Higher Education Development in Vietnam and its Trends for the Future Department of Higher Education MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

2. Higher Education Development in Vietnam II I Trends for the Future Development Content

3. I. Higher Education Development in Vietnam • Types and network of higher education institutions (HEIs) a) HEIs • 1987: 101 institutions (63 universities, 38 colleges) • 01/2011: 414 institutions (188 universities, 226 colleges). b) Types • 1987: 101 public institutions, no non-public institutions; • 01/2011: 334 public institutions and 80 non-public institutions (50 universities and 30 colleges) accounting for 19,3% . c) Network planning: • 40/63 provinces, cities that have universities and colleges (63%); • 60/63 provinces, cities that have colleges (95%) • 62/63 provinces, cities that have at least 1 university or college (98%, except Đăknông province).

4. I. Higher Education Development in Vietnam(Cont.) d) Post graduate institutions: By 1/2011 there are 146 post graduate institutions (51 research institutes and 95 universities) including: • 109 PhD training institutions; • 101 MA training institutions (including 5 non public institutions). • Expansion of training size (college, undergraduate, graduate levels a) Number of university and college students: • 1987: 34.110, • 2010: 486.799 (increasing 14.3 times), including 55,28% of female, 36,78% from rural areas, 6.01% of ethnic groups.

5. I. Sự phát triển Hệ thống giáo dục đại học (tiếp) b) Training size of universities and colleges: • In 1987: 133,136; • In 2009: 719,499 (increasing 13 times); • Non formal education: 900,000 students (including 220,000 students of distance education). c) Number of graduates : • In 1987: 19,000; • In 2009: 222,665 (increasing 11 times).

6. I. Higher Education Development in Vietnam(Cont.) d) Size of post graduate training: • From 2000 till now, annually 650 PhD holders. • 2010, post graduate institutions recruited 2,271 PhD candidates, 32,229 graduate students. • Goal of 2011: 3,072 candidates, and 37,965 graduate students. • Number of students studying overseas managed by the Ministry of Education and Training: 4,813 students, in which in 2010, there were 1,975 students (760 PhD, 582 MA, 47 interns, 683 undergraduate students.

7. I. Higher Education Development in Vietnam(Cont.) 3. Enhancement of international cooperation in higher education a) Vietnam has signed agreements with 10 countries reciprocally recognizing each other’s degrees and diplomas,; b) In 2008 - 2009, Vietnam signed 31 agreements in higher education cooperation at government and ministry levels c) From 2000 till now, Vientnam has sent 9,014 government scholarhisp receipients overseas: 2,789 PhD candidates; 2,180 graduate students; 673 interns; 3,469 undergraduate students. d) There are more than 30 institutions that implement internetional joint trianing programs (3+1 and 2+2). g) As many as 10,000 international students attending schools in Vietnam. International students come and learn programs in English. h) Continued expansion of international cooperation: development of research universities, joint training; student and faculty exchange; research cooperation.

8. General Evaluation of Higher Education Development in Vietnam a) Remarkable achievements : Providing highly qualified workforce serving the national development; Training capacity has increased 3 times, training siz has increased 13 times; Well developed nation wide higher education system; Investment in higher education has witnessed a noticable growth; quality assurance and accreditation system has been introduced since 2004; International cooperation develops fast at both institutional and national levels.

9. General Evaluation of Higher Education Development in Vietnam (Cont) b) Limitations Shortcomings, bureucracy, out of date management, contents, and training methods; The training quality doesn’t meet the socio-economic development and international integrations especially graduate training. c) Causes stem from: Higher education pedagogy. Innovation in management, higher education administration, uniformity of higher education policies. Increased accountability, encouragement of individual creativity. Financial resources and mechanism. Reception and development of new knowledge and technology.

10. II. Trends for the Future Development 1. Development of policies and mechanism • Development of education laws; • Strategic and general planning to develop higher education; • Increased accountability and social responsibility of higher education institutions. 2. Development of higher education quality assurance system a) Development of higher education quality assurance system from central to institutional levels: 77 quality assurance organizations have been established at higher education institutions, looking forward to the establishment of independent accreditation agencies. b) Social monitor of training quality and motives to improve training quality: issuing criteria for student recruitment; deployment of “customized training”; implementation of 3 publicly announced points for institutions.

11. 2. Development of higher education quality assurance system (Cont.) c) Standardize and improve the input quality • Standardize of student quality; • Standardize faculty and administrators; • Standardize curriculum, training conditions to assure the modernization and international integration process; • Innovate financial mechanism; • Complete the legal document system. 3. Establishment of high quality institutions • Decentralization of higher education • Establishment of excellent universities, including the current ones Vietnam-Germany University (in collaboration with Germany), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (in collaboration with France). • Development of strong departments and faculties within universities: • Deployment of IT training project in collaboration in which English is the medium of instruction (35 IT programs in 23 institutions); • Expansion of projects to develop faculties, department, and institutions at international level. • Deployment of high quality training programs with foreign institutions.

12. 4. Innovation in management and administration of higher education • Review of higher education development targets in 2010 – 2020 (in accordance with Decree14, Resolution121); • Completion and deployment of legal document system; • Innovation of managment in the Ministry; • Delegation and decentralization of management to promote the accountability and autonomy. 5. Training of faculty and administrators • Deployment of PhD training projects to work as instructors in 2010 – 2020; • Development of standards of Presidentship, Vice Presidentship; Deployment of administrators training in 2010-2015.

13. 6. Innovation of financial management • Shift in the budget allocating mechanism for higher eduation • Public implementation of finance and auditing. • Continued implementation of tuition waiving policy, and student loan. 7. Reinforcement and development of quality assurance • Completion of legal documents relating the acredition; • Establishment of accreditaion agencies. • Planning and evaluation of self-study and quality assurance practices. 8. Innovation in management and enhancement of research activities • Publication of research on international journals • Establishment of organizations in charge of intellectual property at institutions; policies to support the commercialization of research results and development of research market.

14. 9. Expansion of international cooperation in higher education • Deployment of international cooperation programs to train 10,000 PhD overseas, projects to improve teaching quality and application of foreign language in Vietnam until 2020. • Close collaboration with WB and ADB to develop excellent universities as well as to improve capacity for higher education institutions. • Development and deployment projects to attract Vietnamese overseas, scientists to teach and research in Vietnam.

15. Activities to support higher education innovation in Vietnam • The State has issued documents to guide the innovation of higher education. • Deployment of Higher Education Project 2 with the loan from WB ($65 million, 7/2007 – 6/2012): development of administration policies; improvement of capacity for HEIs. • Deployment of loan projects of WB for the development of higher education ($150 million, 6/2008 – 6/2012). • Deployment of loan projects from WB, ADB ($400 million) to develop 2 excellent universities (VGU, USTH); Collaborating with other countries to develop higher education. • Deployment of project, training programs to develop faculty, research staff: Project 322, 911, VEF, agreements, joint programs …

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