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Anatomical Directions. Fig. 1-3 in Podulka et al. 2004. Bird Topography: Seven Regions. Fig. 1-3, Poldulka et al. 2004. Bill. 15. Bill. 16. Bones of the Bill. Bill. External Bill Covering. 18. Bill Diversity. Blue Grosbeak. Yellow-Rumped Warbler. Bullock’s Oriole.
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Anatomical Directions Fig. 1-3 in Podulka et al. 2004
Bird Topography: Seven Regions Fig. 1-3, Poldulka et al. 2004
Bill 15
Bill 16 Bones of the Bill
Bill External Bill Covering 18
Bill Diversity Blue Grosbeak Yellow-Rumped Warbler Bullock’s Oriole Blue-Throated Hummingbird
Bill Diversity King Vulture Peregrine Falcon
Bill Diversity Long-Billed Curlew American Avocet Roseate Spoonbill
Bill Diversity Black Skimmer
Bill Diversity White-Winged Crossbill Red Crossbill
Bill Diversity Whalebill
Bill Diversity Fig. 1-16 in Podulka et al. 2004
A) Bill https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7006/6664271131_81b0d86c9b_b.jpg
A) Bill Tomium Tomium http://www.vancouverislandbirds.com/101204rbmDSC_6685.jpg
A) Bill Culmen Commissure Gonys https://www.gschneiderphoto.com/gallery3/var/albums/birds/gullsterns/ring_billed_gull/ adult-ring-billed-gull-portrait_9694.jpg?m=1447813568 http://www.ofo.ca/ofo-photos/22gonysheermanns2iron.jpg
Bill Gape Gape Flange https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gull_Beak_IMG_1575.JPG/800px-Gull_Beak_IMG_1575.JPG
Nares http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2875/11275302934_479fb8bce4.jpg http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3098/3206078133_84878243be.jpg?v=0
Bill: Nares http://www.acuteaday.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/baby-kiwi-chick.jpg http://everystockphoto.s3.amazonaws.com/duck_mallardduck_feeder _1074818_o.jpg https://www.kiwisforkiwi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/beakgreat-spotted-kiwi_100-029R_DOC-496x292.jpg
Bill http://yourshot.nationalgeographic.com/u/ss/fQYSUbVfts-T7pS2VP2wnKyN8wxywmXtY0-FwsgxpigQ7FhoAxIK-6_oKbhQWf4oqCfPhOM117OmEDu21h4k/ http://yourshot.nationalgeographic.com/u/ss/fQYSUbVfts-T7pS2VP2wnKyN8wxywmXtY0-FwsgxoJBD4C1qJrqA8EfaP7jL8gZYg0MJlb9NNBxrHhmaSdwF/
Bill https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PX3zr6baO2o/WCbslNj7rzI/AAAAAAAAPm8/wPQRwaOBtosCb1pjZGYSfmxO5wQz01T-gCLcB/s1600/a-Rock%2Bdove%2B-%2BColumba%2Blivia2.jpg
Head and Neck Regions Fig. 1-4 in Podulka et al. 2004
Head and Neck Regions Abert’s Towhee Blue Grosbeak
Head and Neck Regions Common Redpoll
Head and Neck Regions Chipping Sparrow
Head and Neck Regions Clay-Colored Sparrow http://www.migrationresearch.org/images/idchspahyu15179bodymag11oct09.jpg
B) Head and Neck Regions Western Meadowlark Eastern Meadowlark http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=western+meadowlark+head&view=detailv2&&id=5E8C16FDCA01F67355EEC049500D589166DAE1C3&selectedIndex=0&ccid=rgLfAbTE&simid=607987291042350316&thid=OIP.Mae02df01b4c4151cdc531422653b46c8o0&ajaxhist=0 http://wildlifesnaps.com/images/florida/eastern_meadowlark2.jpg
Head and Neck Regions Rufous-Crowned Sparrow
Head and Neck Regions http://pre06.deviantart.net/424b/th/pre/i/2011/128/c/3/great_horned_owl_by_laurierose28-d3fwn09.jpg Ears?
Head and Neck Regions External Ear Openings (and Auricular Feathers) Fig. 1-5 in Podulka et al. 2004
Head and Neck Regions White-Crowned Sparrow Ruby-Crowned Kinglet
Head and Neck Regions Brewer’s Sparrow Chipping Sparrow
Head and Neck 13 Visible Bird Eye
Head and Neck Three Eyelids 12
Head and Neck Hummingbird Ostrich http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/RTHUSkeletonEye01.jpg http://img03.deviantart.net/f116/i/2013/313/0/9/struthio_camelus_by_fragillimus335-d6tj1vp.jpg Penguin Owl https://www.google.com/search?q=penguin+skull&biw=1293&bih=703&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjrpdO68crRAhVT2mMKHQYfC1gQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=DQi6outISLUVVM%3A http://www.boneroom.com/uploads/4/8/1/1/48118243/s521972503441136676_p1073_i1_w900.jpeg
Head and Neck http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YrjX5BOoQPw/U_503xt7AtI/AAAAAAAAQac/tBJaFew_7u4/s1600/D71_4974LeastFlycatcherb.jpg http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=avian+eye+ring&view=detailv2&&id=454E2FD122C84994BC308C9052A90E8DA6FEADEC&selectedIndex=46&ccid=67ixs2kp&simid=608016737331840755&thid=OIP.Mebb8b1b36929a3ce7fd9b0585e30193co0&ajaxhist=0 http://vireo.ansp.org/bird_academy/images_gloss/Dagua%20Thrush%20w02-39-291.jpg
Neck Regions Fig. 1-6 in Podulka et al. 2004
Neck Crane or Heron?
Neck Great-Blue Heron Sandhill Crane
Head and Neck Regions Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker Red-Naped Sapsucker 5 3
Head and Neck Regions Fig. 1-4 in Podulka et al. 2004
Head and Neck Regions Black-Chinned Sparrow Black-Throated Sparrow