1 / 35

Anatomical Planes and Directions

Anatomical Planes and Directions. Anatomical Position. Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions

toby
Download Presentation

Anatomical Planes and Directions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Anatomical Planes and Directions

  2. Anatomical Position • Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions • The body is in a standing posture with the arms at the sides, palms turned forward, feet together and pointed forward, and head pointed forward

  3. Midline • Definition: A reference line extending down the middle of the body, encompassing the vertebral column, spinal cord, and naval

  4. Body Planes • Used to cut the body into smaller sections in order to facilitate study of body cavities, organs, systems, etc. • Especially useful in medical imaging studies

  5. Median Plane • Definition: The midline, longitudinal plane dividing the head and torso into equal right and left halves • The middle sagittal plane • Encompasses the vertebral column and spinal cord

  6. Sagittal Plane • Definition: The longitudinal plane dividing the body into left and right parts • Parallel to the median plane and may be applied to the head, torso, and limbs • Not limited to the midline

  7. Frontal (Coronal) Plane • Definition: The longitudinal plane dividing the body into equal or unequal front and back parts • The term “coronal” is used by radiologists in reference to MRIs and CT scans

  8. Transverse Plane • Definition:The horizontal plane that divides the body or body parts into upper and lower segments • A cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal planes

  9. Craft Time!!!!! • Construct a plane model • No, not a paper airplane… • A 3-D model of the body planes, like this: • Color-code it and label it to help you identify the planes

  10. Left • Definition: To the left side of the midline • References the subject’s left, not your left • Example: The stomach is to the left of the liver

  11. Right • Definition: To the right side of the body or structure being studied • Example: The right lung is bigger than the left lung

  12. Lateral • Definition: Toward the side; away from the midline • Example: The eyes are lateral to the nose

  13. Medial • Definition: Toward the midline: away from the side • Example: The eyes are medial to the ears

  14. Anterior • Definition: Toward the front of the body • Example: The nose is on the anterior side of the head

  15. Posterior • Definition: Toward the back of the body • Example: A mullet is long on the posterior side of the body

  16. Superior • Definition: Toward the top of the body • Example: The shoulders are superior to the hips

  17. Inferior • Definition: Toward the bottom of the body • Example: The liver is inferior to the heart

  18. Dorsal • Definition: Along (or toward) the vertebral surface of the body • Example: The SI joints are on the dorsal surface

  19. Ventral • Definition: Along (toward) the belly surface of the body • Example: The naval is on the ventral surface

  20. Caudal • Definition: Toward the tail • Example: The neck is caudal to the skull

  21. Cephalad • Definition: Toward the head • Example: The neck is cephalad to the tail

  22. Proximal • Definition: Toward the trunk • Describes relative position in a limb or other appendage • Example: The joint is proximal to the toenail

  23. Distal • Definition: Away from the trunk or point of attachment • Example: The hand is distal to the elbow

  24. Visceral • Definition: Toward an internal organ; away from the outer wall • Describes positions inside a body cavity • Example: The organ is lined with the visceral layer of the membrane

  25. Parietal • Definition: Toward the wall; away from internal structures • Example: The abdominal cavity is lined with the parietal peritoneal membrane

  26. Deep • Definition: Toward the inside of a part; away from the surface • Example: The thigh muscles are deep to the skin

  27. Superficial • Definition: Toward the surface of a part; away from the inside • Example: The skin is a superficial organ

  28. Medullary • Definition: Refers to an inner region, or medulla • Example: The medullary cavity is where bone marrow is produced

  29. Cortical • Definition: Refers to the outer region, or cortex • Example: Cortical bone covers the external surface of the bone

  30. Intrinsic Definition: Inherent or inside Example: The lumbricals are intrinsic hand muscles Example: An intrinsic motivation is doing something because it makes you happy

  31. Extrinsic Definition: Outer or from the outside Example: The thumb flexor muscle is an extrinsic hand muscle Example: An extrinsic motivation for doing something is monetary compensation

  32. Valgus Definition: An angulation outward and away from the midline of the body, as exhibited by the distal segment of the bone or joint Example: Someone who is knock-kneed has valgus of the ankles

  33. Varus Definition: An angulation inward and toward the midline of the body, as exhibited by the distal segment of the bone or joint Example: Someone who is bow-legged has varus of the ankles

  34. Ipsilateral • Definition: Situated on or affecting the same side of the body • Example: The right eye and the right ear are ipsilateral body parts

  35. Contralateral • Definition: Situated on or affecting the opposite side of the body • Example: The eyes are on contralateral sides of the head

More Related