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Japan

Japan. Japan. Traditional Japanese music has been written down. Popular music in Japan comes and goes. It is not permanent. Essay. Shakuhachi – bamboo flute – Samurai/Zen Buddhist Koto – 13-stringed zither – palace Shamisen – 3 stringed lute – geisha. Shakuhachi Master, Yoshio Kurahashi

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Japan

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  1. Japan

  2. Japan • Traditional Japanese music has been written down. • Popular music in Japan comes and goes. It is not permanent.

  3. Essay • Shakuhachi – bamboo flute – Samurai/Zen Buddhist • Koto – 13-stringed zither – palace • Shamisen – 3 stringed lute – geisha

  4. Shakuhachi Master,Yoshio Kurahashi Bamboo Flute Notched end Shaku = 30 cm Hachi = 24 cm Or 21 ½ inches. Shakuhachi

  5. Shakuhachi History • Tokugawa era (1600-1867) • Shogun – military rulers • Samurai: warriors • Ronin: wandering Buddhist monks • Shakuhachi: Zen path to enlightenment • Breathing in and out. • Meditative

  6. Four Classes • Samurai – warrior • Farmers • Craftsmen • Merchants

  7. Zen Buddhism • Satori – “Enlightenment” • Koan - stories • Zazen – sitting • Shakuhachi • I choon jobutsu • Enlightenment in a single note. Breathing in and out.

  8. Tusuru no sugomori • Nesting Cranes • Depicts winter scene • Cranes making nests. • Trills: fluttering of wings

  9. Tusuru #2 • Timbre: Tone color • Shakuhachi • Shamisen • Kabuki Theater • Texture: Heterophony • To versions of the same melody at the same time. • Form: Varied Repetitions • Mood: Meditative/Spiritual

  10. Tusuru #3 • Beat: flexible pulse • Ma • Pitch • Long notes • Trills • Microtones • Finger articulation

  11. 1.8 meter 13 strings Movable bridges From China Gained popularity in Tokugawa era. Palace Merchant class after 1868 Koto

  12. Koto in society • Good breeding in women • Homes • Tea houses • Theater • Merchant Class

  13. Rokudan • Six Sections • Dan (section) • Koto • Shamisen • Shakuhachi • Only 2 dans on recording • Listen for repeat patterns • Heterophony

  14. Scales • Yo: pentatonic, no half-steps • D E G A B • In: pentatonic, half-steps • D Eb G A Bb

  15. Shamisen • 3 stringed • Long-neck lute • Membrane head • No frets

  16. Shamisen, use • Accompanies • Folksong • Kabuki (theater) • Bunraku (puppet theater)

  17. Hakusen no • “A White Fan” • Kouta- vocal with shamisen • Nokan flute • Wedding • To honor the couple • Geisha • Form: alternating lines of 5 & 7 syllables

  18. Minyo • Folk Song • City Dwellers • Nostalgia for rural life

  19. Song of Nikata Asano Sanae vocal Shamisen Nature The temple town Kikata A woman selling flowers She doesn’t sell them But enjoys them herself instead On a high mountain A cherry blossom tree at a mansion Has seven branches And blossoms abundantly Nikata-bushi

  20. Matsuri-bayashi • Matsuri – Shinto Festival • Shinto – 500 BCE • Nature worship • Fertility cults • Divination • Shin-tao – “the way of the Gods” • Official religion (with Buddhism)

  21. Shinto – 4 Affirmations • Tradition and family • Love of nature • Physical cleanliness • Matsuri • Worship and honor given to ancestral spirits

  22. Matsuri-bayashi • Shinto festival • Neighborhood shrine • Kami – goddess who gave birth to the Japanese islands • Parade • Mikoshi; portable shrine

  23. Yatai • “The Festival Wagon” • 3 drums • Flute • Gong • Done by “amateurs” • More pious

  24. Enka Song • Political song/popular • 1880s • Now more sentimental

  25. Enka Song “Song of the Lazy Man” Violin Heterophony – two versions of the same melody at the same time. The lazy man rides a horse and it begins to run and won’t stop. A child enjoys this, asking, “Hey, where are you going?” “If you want to know where I’m going, better ask the horse!” Nonki Bushi

  26. “Popular” • Enka • Gunka – military • Karaoke • “empty orchestra”

  27. Listening • Tusuru no sugomori • Shakuhachi • Nesting Cranes • Hakusen no • Shamisen and voice • A White Fan • Yatai from Matsuri-bayashi • Shinto Festival • Drums, flute, gong

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