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Classification of matter

Classification of matter. Based on the make up of matter Classified into mixtures, compounds and elements. Pure Substances. Elements – found on the periodic table Compounds – chemical combinations of elements Cannot be separated physically but can be chemically. Mixture.

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Classification of matter

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  1. Classification of matter • Based on the make up of matter • Classified into mixtures, compounds and elements

  2. Pure Substances • Elements – found on the periodic table • Compounds – chemical combinations of elements • Cannot be separated physically but can be chemically

  3. Mixture • Matter consisting of two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined

  4. Mixture • Properties • Substances keep their own properties • No new chemicals are formed

  5. Properties of mixtures • Substances can be present in any amount or proportion • Substances can be separated physically

  6. Mixture Physical means • Magnetism • Evaporation • Dissection • Filtering • Distillation • Centrifuge

  7. Heterogeneous Mixture • Mixture that doesn’t appear to be the same throughout • Examples: salad, concrete, granite, pizza, sand

  8. Suspension • Heterogeneous mixture in which the particles of a substance are temporarily mixed in a liquid • Examples: salad dressing, chocolate milk, muddy water

  9. Suspension • Properties • Exhibits the Tyndall effect • Scattering of light • Example: seeing a beam of light in muddy water

  10. Homogeneous Mixture • Mixture that appears to be the same throughout • Examples: soda, tea, toothpaste, lotion, alloys, air

  11. Colloids • Particles that are mixed together but are not dissolved • Examples: fog, smoke, jello, mayo

  12. Colloids • Properties • Any state of matter • Doesn’t settle out – permanently suspended • Can’t be filtered out but can appear cloudy

  13. Colloids • Properties • Particles are still large but you can’t see them • Exhibits the tyndall effect • Properties are consistent throughout the sample

  14. Solution • Homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another • Examples: ocean water, soda, air, alloys (brass, bronze, steel)

  15. Parts of a Solution • Solute • Substance that is dissolved • Usually present in smaller amounts

  16. Solvent • Substance that does the dissolving • Usually present in larger amounts • Water is the universal solvent because of it shape

  17. Solution • Properties • Can’t be filtered • Doesn’t settle out • Particles are small and not visible

  18. Solution • Properties • Properties are consistent throughout the sample • Any state of matter • No tyndall effect

  19. Types of Solution • Saturated Solution • Solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve • Any added solute will settle to the bottom and not dissolve

  20. Types of Solution • Unsaturated Solution • Solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve • Added solute will be dissolved

  21. Types of Solution • Supersaturated Solution • Solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve • Very rare

  22. Types of Solution • Supersaturated Solution • Can be made by slowly cooling a saturated solution to a cooler temperature • Added solute will cause the extra dissolved solute to crystallize out

  23. Solubility • Measure of how much of a solute can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent under certain conditions

  24. Solubility • Soluble – dissolves • Insoluble – doesn’t dissolve

  25. Solubility • Solubility curve – graph showing the solubility of a substance with changing temperature

  26. Solubility • Factors • – increase temperature, increases solubility • – increase the pressure of a gas, increases the solubility of the gas

  27. Solubility • Factors • Amount of solute already dissolved – the more substances dissolved, decreases the solubility • The nature of the solute and solvent

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