You Need the Following:

1. You Need the Following: • Convection Currents Guided Reading • Vocabulary Cards • Checking Pen

2. Label Your Notecards • Tectonic Plates • Theory of Plate Tectonics • Convergent Plate Boundary • Divergent Plate Boundary • Transform Plate Boundary • Continental Drift Theory • Sea-Floor Spreading Theory • Subduction

3. Tectonic Plates • Large pieces of Earth’s crust (lithosphere) that can move, collide, or slide past each other • Causes: • Continental drifting • Earthquakes • Volcanoes • Mountains • Ocean trenches

4. Theory of Plate Tectonics • States pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the Mantle • Explains: • Plate formation • Plate movement • Subduction of plates

5. Convergent Plate Boundary • Two tectonic plates moving toward each other and collide • Types = Creates: • Continental-continental = Mountains & their ranges • Oceanic-oceanic = Island Arcs • Continental-oceanic = Subduction Zone & Trenches

6. Divergent Plate Boundary • Two tectonic plates moving away from each other • Creates: • Volcanoes • Mid-Ocean Ridge • New Ocean Floor • Rift Valley

7. Transform Plate Boundary • Two tectonic plates that move or slide past one another • Opposite or same direction at different rates • Creates: • Earthquakes • Fault lines

8. Continental Drift Theory • Continents have shifted their position over geologic time • One time, all land masses were connected to form Pangaea • Evidence: • Continents look to fit together • Minerals, fossils, and mountains now on different continents would match if they were together

9. Evidence from Minerals, Fossils, and Mountains

10. Sea-Floor Spreading Theory • Magma and molten material rises from the convection currents to create a divergent boundary, separating plates • Helps move the continents • Oceans are spreading ~2 cm per year • Creates: • New Ocean Floor Crust • Mid-Ocean Ridges

11. Subduction • Process where the ocean floor sinks beneath an ocean trench and melts back into the Mantle

12. Subduction

13. Label Your Notecards • Crust • Lithosphere • Mantle • Outer Core • Inner Core • Magma • Lava • Convection Currents

14. Crust • Composition: Silicon, Oxygen, and Aluminum • Types: • Continental Crust: solid & rocky outer layer • Oceanic Crust: thin & dense material

15. Lithosphere • Includes the Earth’s Crust & Upper Mantle • Divided into small and large tectonic plates that help move the continental and oceanic crust

16. Mantle • Composition: Silicon, Oxygen, and Magnesium • Thickest layer • Convection currents are located here

17. Outer Core • Composition: Molten (liquid) Iron & Nickle

18. Inner Core • Composition: Solid Iron & Nickle • Solid because of the pressure from the layers above • Solid inner core spins in the molten (liquid) outer core • Creates the Earth’s Magnetic Field • Hottest layer

19. Convection Currents • Happens in the Middle Mantle • Has hot, dense rock that slowly flows • Movement created moves the tectonic plates in the Lithosphere • Caused by hot material, deep in the Mantle, being heated by the Core to rise then cool and sink again

20. Magma • Molten rock found beneath the Earth’s surface

21. Lava • Molten rock found on the Earth’s surface