CONJUGATION THE ENGINE BEHIND THE VERBS

1. CONJUGATIONTHE ENGINE BEHIND THE VERBS Conjugation: an orderly arrangement of the inflectional forms of a verb. Inflection: the change in the form of a word showing its case, gender, number, person, tense, mood, voice, or comparison.

2. Inflection • Gender: male or female • Number: singular or plural • Person: First, Second, or Third • Tense: Present Tense, Past tense, Future Tense, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect

3. Case • Nominative: a subject, or one of the subject complements • Objective: a direct object, indirect object, or an object of a preposition. • The teacher gave the student a paper during class. Subject IndObj DO OOP • IndObj: Indirect Object (gave to whom) • DO: Direct Object (gave what/whom) • OOP: object of the preposition

4. Case • Possessive -The possessive pronouns: Sing. Plural 1st my, mine our, ours 2nd your, yours your, yours 3rd his, her, hers, its their, theirs -Possessive Nouns: Singular Possessive, Plural Possessive

5. Principal Parts of the verb ‘be’ Present Tense: am, is, are Past Tense: was, were Past Participle: been Present Participle: being

6. Conjugate “be” verb in present tense Singular Plural 1st P. I am we are 2ndP. you are you are 3rd P. he/she/it is they are

7. Conjugate “be” in past tense Singular Plural 1st P. I was we were 2nd P. you were you were 3rd P. he/she/it was they were

8. Conjugate “be” in future tense Singular Plural 1st P. I shall be we shall be 2nd P. You will be you will be 3rd P. He/she/it will be they will be

9. Principal Parts of the verb ‘eat’ Present Tense: eat Past Tense: ate Past Participle: eaten Present Participle: eating

10. Conjugate irregular verb ‘eat’ Present Tense Past Tense Sing. Plural I ate we ate you ate you ate he/she/it ate they ate Sing. Plural 1st P. I eat we eat 2nd P. you eat you eat 3rd P. he/she/it they eat eats

11. Conjugate ‘eat’ in Future and Present Perfect Tenses Future Present Perfect Sing. Plural I have eaten we have eaten You have eaten you have eaten He/she/it they have has eaten eaten Sing. Plural 1st P. I shall eat we shall eat 2nd P. you will eat you will eat 3rd P. he/she/it they will will eat eat

12. Conjugate ‘eat’ in Past Perfect and Future Perfect Tenses Past Perfect Future Perfect Singular Plural I shall have eaten we shall have eaten You will have eaten you will have eaten he/she/it will have they will have eaten eaten Note the helping verbs used with the past participle of the verb. Singular Plural 1st P. I had eaten we had eaten 2nd P. You had eaten you had eaten 3rd P. He/she/it had they had eaten eaten Note the helping verbs used with the past participle of the verb.

13. Conjugate the regular verb laugh Present Tense Sing. Plural 1st P. I laugh we laugh 2nd P. You laugh you laugh 3rd P. he/she/ it they laugh laughs Past Tense Sing. Plural I laughed we laughed you laughed you laughed he/she/it they laughed laughed

14. Laugh Future Tense Sing. Plural 1st P. I shall laugh we shall laugh 2nd P. you will laugh you will laugh 3rd P. he/she/it will they will laugh laugh Present Perfect Tense Sing. Plural I have laughed we have laughed you have laughed you have laughed he/she/it has they have laughed laughed

15. What patterns do you notice? • Future Tense uses the helping verbs shall or will. ‘Shall’ is used only with first person. • Present Perfect Tense uses the helping verbs have/has plus the past participle of the verb. • Past Perfect Tense uses the helping verb had plus the past participle of the verb. • Future Perfect Tense uses two helping verbs: shall have in the first person; will have in second/third person plus the past participle of the verb

16. SUCCESS! You can conjugate any verb in the English language following these patterns.