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A preliminary survey of viruses of bats of Canada

A preliminary survey of viruses of bats of Canada. (identification of viruses that might emerge as human pathogens). Emerging infectious diseases (EID). pathogen infects host for the first time new strains of a pathogen with distinct properties increased incidence of preexisting disease

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A preliminary survey of viruses of bats of Canada

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  1. A preliminary survey of viruses of bats of Canada (identification of viruses that might emerge as human pathogens)

  2. Emerging infectious diseases (EID) • pathogen infects host for the first time • new strains of a pathogen with distinct properties • increased incidence of preexisting disease • new or reintroduction into area

  3. Animals and emerging human disease nature 21 Feb 2008 • most EID events emerge from animals • most of these events (70%) involve wild animals

  4. Role of bats in EID • Confirmed or suspected in: • Nipah • Hendra • SARS • Marburg • Ebola • Menangle • Tioman • Melaka • rabies (in some areas)

  5. “Damn! what is it about bats?”* * David Quammen and Lynn Johnson, Deadly Contact, National Geographic, October 2007

  6. Chiroptera “hand wing” Epomops franqueti - www.dkimages.com/

  7. Old order • fossil record > 50 million years N.B. Simmons, et al. 2008. nature 451:818-821 Onchonycteris finneyi

  8. Simmons, 2005, Science 307:527

  9. Diversity Megachiroptera Microchiroptera Tim Menzies Thai bumblebee bat 15 cm wingspan 2 gm Indian flying fox 1.8 m wingspan 1.6 kg

  10. Hibernation and torpor http://www.earlham.edu/~turnbal/

  11. Bats of Canada • Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) • Yuma myotis (M. yumanensis) • Long-legged myotis (M. volans) • Fringed myotis (M. thysanodes) • Northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis), • Eastern small-footed myotis (M. leibii) • Keen’s myotis (M. keenii) • Long eared myotis (M. evotis) • Western small-footed myotis (M. ciliolabrum) • California myotis (M. californicus) • Big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) • Silver haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) • Hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), • Red bat (Lasiurus borealis) • Western red bat (Lasiurus blossevillii) • Eastern pipstrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) • Spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) • Townsend’s big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) • Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) Bat Conservation International

  12. Bats in Manitoba Migrating Hibernating Derek Donald www.batcon.org Silver haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) www.batcon.org • Red bat • (Lasiurus borealis) www.batcon.org Northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis), www.batcon.org Derek Donald Big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) Hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus),

  13. Genesis of the project

  14. How does one find bats? • live-trapped little brown bats • archived rabies-negative bats at the Ottawa and Lethbridge CFIA labs • wind farms • submission from local veterinarian

  15. Craig Willis

  16. remove liver, kidney, brain, spleen, lung, intestine freeze at -80 fix in formaldehyde (pool tissues from same species of bats) homogenize (pooled tissues) Purify nucleic acid QIAmp viral RNA mini kit (will purify RNA and DNA) tissue culture (primate, rodent bats, avian cells) cDNA synthesis observe daily for cpe polyoma flavi PCR herpes bunya - + alpha WNV Cache Valley corona (Gr 1, pan) Hanta amplify 3 passages morbilli henipah lyssa + - characterize gel autoclave sequence

  17. Tissue Cultures • Vero (monkey) • NIH-3T3 (mouse) • BHK-21 (hamster) • TbrLu1 (bat) • Quail • Chick embryo

  18. Live-trapped little brown bats

  19. Archived rabies-negative

  20. Wind-farm * Includes 1 local submission

  21. product from broad-specificity PCR Strategy for recovering entire bat polyomavirus genome primers for amplifying genome

  22. Phylogeny of bat (Myotis) polyomavirus • ClustalX

  23. KI WU 0.1 JC BK Baboon Budge SV12 Finch SV40 Bat AG monkey Mouse Pneumotropic Merkel Hamster Sq monkey Mouse Crow Goose Bovine VP1

  24. Bat 0.1 Budge Crow KI Finch WU JC BK Merkel Baboon SV12 SV40 Mouse Pneumotropic Sq monkey Bovine AG monkey Mouse Hamster VP2,3

  25. Bat 0.1 KI SV40 WU JC BK Baboon Mouse Pneumotropic SV12 Sq monkey AG monkey Hamster Bovine Mouse Merkel Budge Crow Finch T-Antigen

  26. Bat 0.1 Finch Mouse Hamster Budge Merkel AG monkey Crow Mouse Pneumotropic Sq monkey WU KI SV40 JC Baboon BK SV12 Small t-Antigen

  27. What do we know about bat coronaviruses? • SARS • Group 1 bat coronaviruses • asian • Rocky Mountain bat coronavirus • European • Sero-conversion in bat biologists

  28. “…bats are the natural reservoir of all currently known coronavirus lineages.” Vijaykrishna et al. 2007. J. Virol 81:4012-4020

  29. What do we know about polyomaviruses? • mouse polyomavirus - 1950s • persistent, asymptomatic infections in immuno-competent individuals - disease in immuno-suppressed or young animals • pathogenic avian viruses

  30. Many Thanks! • Tim Dumonceaux • Harvey Artsob • Robin Lindsay • Mike Drebot • Marta Sabara • Antonia Dibernardo • Jack Dubois • Susan Nadin-Davis • Craig Willis

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