REPUBLIC OF RWANDA National Institute of Statistics

1. REPUBLIC OF RWANDANational Institute of Statistics Prepared by Emmanuel GATERA National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda Management Information Systems Director

2. Population Census Series 1978, 1991 and 2002

3. History of census taking • 1978: first census after the independence (1962) • Technical support from the UN Statistics Division • by National Office of Statistics (NOS) • Under supervision of National Census Commission (NCC) and a Central Census Bureau (CCB). • Data desegregated on ethnic level for economic, education and employment purposes (quotas systems). • The characteristics were covered for the total of the population (i.e. age, sex, nationality, ethnic group, religion, marital status, occupation by activity) and for each administrative entity the present and the absent population was determined as well as the native population and foreigners. • Dwelling and individuals have been enumerated and housing characteristics were also collected in 1978.

4. History of census taking • 1991: second census after the independence (1962) • Technical support from the UNFPA • by National Office of Statistics (NOS) • Under supervision of National Census Commission (NCC) and Central Census Bureau (CCB). • data desegregated again on ethnic level for economic, education and employment purposes (quotas systems). • The characteristics were covered for the total of the population (i.e. age, sex, nationality, ethnic group, religion, marital status, occupation by activity) • At the beginning only printouts of the requested tables were available. • Recently recovered microdata from Celade and IPUMS

5. History of census taking • 2002: Third census after the independence (1962) • Technical support from the UNFPA • Funds from European Union, UNFPA and GoR • by National Service Census (NSC) • Under supervision of National Census Commission (NCC) and Central Census Bureau (CCB). • data not desegregated on ethnic level. • data desegregated on gender • Publications available on printouts, CD-ROMS and Microdata also available for dissemination thru website and CD-ROM ( Redatam, Microdata Management Toolkit very soon ). • GIS system available and thematic maps and Atlas produced • Comparable study will start very soon between the 1991 and 2002 population and housing census referring also to others surveys (DHS2005, E-ICV2001, E-ICV2005,…)

6. Fig. 1 : RWANDA POPULATION EVOLUTION 1978 - 2002

7. Census documentation • 2.1 Enumeration forms Since 1978 individual forms for each person in the household have been used. Persons living in the household have to be listed in the census list giving their residence status (present or absent). The census list serves as an instrument for controlling completeness of enumeration. All questionnaires and explanation forms were part of the documentation translated in Kinywarwanda (the sole national tongue) since the first national census in 1978. • 2.2 Instructions to enumerators Instructions to enumerators are part of the documentation. The size of the booklets was growing from census to census. In 2002, also a handbook for the local census manager was Issued (controller and supervisors manuals). • 2.3 Technical reports, data processing documentation Reports were issued before, during and after the 2002 census mostly elaborated by UNFPA consultants in demography and data processing containing instructions for the data processing, data editing and imputations. Such documentation is not available for the 1978 and 1991 census. There are only single reports for the RGPH2 (1991) such as data editing programmes, a report on the final data checks, instructions for manual processing, for coding, but they have not been published.

8. Other documentation • 1991: disparate documentation can be find out of the country as all the public archiving system was completely destroyed during the genocide (1994). • 2002: For the last census (RGPH2002), a huge documentation is available at Rwanda National Institute of Statistics included printouts reports, thematic analysis reports, geographic atlas (shape files), etc. • NIS will soon disseminate all the surveys publications since the ten past years via Intranet, Internet using Microdata Management Toolkit (sponsorized by the World Bank) and SUPERCROSS for Census dissemination and mapping

9. Content of microdata files Population census Microdata files contain nearly all variables available from the population censuses. • Geography and internal migration: only place of usual residence provided. • Place of previous residence was asked in the 2002 census. • Household and family structure: Relationship to the head of household. • Demographic and social variables: Sex, age, marital status, de-facto marital status, citizenship and religion provided. Ethnic group for the 1978 and 1991 census asked : (forbidden in 2002). • Fertility and mortality: Number of children born alive asked in 1978, 1991 and 2002 • Education: School attendance, instruction level, educational attainment and field of study provided. • Economic variables: Current activity status, status in employment, Disability: • Household variables: type of household, household status, size of household; number of persons of a certain age in the household, characteristics of head of household • 1978 ? 1991 (recovered in june 2006) and 2002 available

10. Content of microdata files Housing census • Dwelling variables, facilities: location of dwelling (ground floor, first floor etc.), number of occupants, number of rooms, useful floor space (1978 to 2002), standard of equipment, origin of water, toilet (only 2002), type of energy for lighting, type of energy for cooking, etc. • Microdata for 1991 and 2002 census

11. Harmonization Administrative reform • Rwanda administrative map changed many times since the independence in 1962. • The last one occurred in 2005 for the decentralization process. The country is now divided : • in five provinces (5), instead of 14 (2002 census) • thirty districts (30), instead of 105 ( 2002 census) • four hundred sixteen sectors (416) instead of 1225 (2002 census) • and three thousands cells (3000) instead of 9000 (2002 census) • NIS has updated the 2002 Population Census database to the new system. • NIS will harmonize the 1991 microdata as the boundaries at sectors remained unchanged

12. Harmonization (2) Variables Social variables • Marital status: • Relationship to head of household (HoH): • Educational variables “Type of school attended” has a lot more categories in 2002 than before. Full comparability can be reached only if some 1991 categories are summarized according to the former classification. • Economic variables :Activity status , Status in employment • Occupation : Occupational classification was changed from census to census. In 1978, a complex classification was used regarding specialization by area. In 1991 and 2002, they used international standards promoted by ILO (international Labor Organization) • Demographic variables: age, sex, citizenship, • Ethnic grouphas been asked in every census except in 2002 for Rwandan and this characteristic was a very sensible one; there was an obligation to answer the question. • Religion has been asked in every census. • The 1991 and 2002 microdata on dwellings will be drawn from the harmonized files.

13. Publications • The results of the population and housing censuses were published in a series of publications. Main results are at national level and provinces level, for example education, households and individuals characteristics • Unfortunately, it is hard to find printouts publications for the 1978 and 1991 Population and Housing Census as the national archive system was destroyed during the genocide in 1994. • 2004: Many publications and reports were done on the 2002 Population and Housing Census. CD-ROM are available at National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). The NISR portal is under construction and will provide very shortly all the publications and microdata files online.

14. THANK YOU FOR YOUR INVITATIONNational Institute of Statisticsof Rwanda(NISR)