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verb Tenses

verb Tenses. Today, we're going to talk about the tenses. Now, if I say "I am beautiful,“ which tense is it? . Obviously it is the past tense. Conson + y = – ies ( study - studies ) O = es ( go – goes ) S, x, ch, sh = es ( watch - watches / mix -mixes ).

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verb Tenses

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  1. verb Tenses

  2. Today, we're going to talk about the tenses. Now, if I say "I am beautiful,“ which tense is it?  Obviously it is the past tense.

  3. Conson + y = – ies(study- studies) • O = es (go – goes) • S, x, ch, sh= es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes) Present simple + We study English My sister watches TV he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) - Don`t Doesn´t We don´t study She doesn´t study + verb ? Do you study ? Does she study? A + S + V ? Am Is Are + V-ing presentcontinuous I am studying you are studying he is studying + • V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons. • Run—runningswim—swimming • V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante • Begin—beginning • Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l • Travel—travelling • Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing • Die—dying - I am not studying You aren´t studying He isn´t studying Am I studying? Are you studying? Is he studying? Study- studying Play-playing ? A + S + V ?

  4. Present simple The simple present is used for two main types of action: • actions which happen regularly • on Sundays • Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often – • every day, every week, Once a month, etc. Habits States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc) presentcontinuous The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action: • A temporary action happening now : • Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future) • Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro) • A definite plan for the future : • Something we intend to do, usually in the near future. • Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

  5. Habit • Young-Mi goes to class every day."Every day" is a habit. • It rains a lot in Vancouver.This means that it rains often. • Santos always talks about his family."Always" means this is a habit. • Jerry spends Christmas with his parents. This implies that he spends Christmas • with his parents every year. States • Bianca lives in Florida. This is a state, because it doesn't change. • Jean-Paul has red hair.Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change. • Martin likes chocolate. When we like something, usually we will always like it. • Anna believes in God. Beliefs and opinions are states. • They don't often change.

  6. Non-continuousverbs / Stativeverbs There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in Spanish. Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these: verbs describing thought processes and opinions:think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree… verbs describing emotions:want, like, love, hate, adore, detest… verbs describing the senses:see, hear, taste, feel, smell… This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous. It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular situation.

  7. Frequency adverbs and time expressions At the end of the sentence Howoften..? I do yoga twice a week • Always • Usually • Often • Sometimes • Hardlyever • Never • Every day • Once a day / week / month.. • Twice a day / week / month.. • Three times a day / week / month.. • Twelve times a day / week / month.. Before the verb She often plays golf After to be They are always hungry

  8. Temporary action happening now • John is winning the game.Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't • finished yet. • It's raining outside. It's raining right now (but it may stop soon). • Soraya's working in the library.She's working there right now. • Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.He's spending Christmas with • his family right now, this year. • (Maybe next year he won't.)

  9. Choose the correct answer. 1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful. 2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed? 3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping. 4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother? 5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms. 6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it. 7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining. 8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat. 9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people. 10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any more.

  10. Past Simple • Monosyllabicending in 1 vowel+1 conson, doubleconson • Stop—stopped • 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd, doubleconsonant • Permit—permitted • V ending in conson + y i + ed • Study—studied • Vowel + y + edplay - played I played Use + Suj + V+ -ed 2ndcol I sang - Suj + didn´t + verb • Past and finishedactions. • Wevisitedthemuseumlastweek • A series of completedactions in thepast • When I openedthedoor, thedogbarked at thepostman. • Paststates. • The old lady lived in thishouse in 1887 I didn´tplay I didn´tsing ? Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ? Didyouplay? Didyousing? TIME EXPRESSIONS Yesterday last week/year 2 days ago In 2002 in the 80s when then

  11. Remember Past Continuous Was Were + V-ing I , He , She , It Was/ wasn´t I wasplaying + Was Were + V-ing Suj + Youweresinging You, we, they I wasn´tplaying - Wasn´t Weren´t Suj + + V-ing Youweren´tsinging Were/weren´t ? Was I playing? Was Were + Suj + V-ing Wereyousinging? A+S+V ? Time expressions:

  12. Usos : • Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después. • Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas. • I was studying all day yesterday I studied all day yesterday Solamente informas, no quieres dar la idea de cuánto tiempo pasaste estudiando Parece q la acción d estudiar fue algo muy largo 2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo. While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework 3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una mas breve. I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

  13. Past simple vs past continuous • Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS • She was talking on the phone when he arrived • Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el ambiente suelen ir en PC. • It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do. He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him anxiously.

  14. Complete with a suitable verb Last weekend Carmela ………. to the cinema to see "The Others". Carmela ……………… . it because it……………. about ghosts and she is afraid of them. While she …………… home with her friend Lola, she …………… very strange. went didn´t like was was going felt They ……………a noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It ………………..a lot and there …………………any taxis on the street, so they ……………………to go home walking. The noise …………….. still behind them and while they …………………. to see what or who …………….. it , the lights on the street …………………. out and they ……………….for five minutes. Do you know what happened next? heard was raining weren´t decided was were trying was went were crying

  15. Listen dear ; here is an article about how many words women use a day: 30,000 to a man's 15,000   What ? 'The reason has to be because we have to repeat everything to men... 

  16. Presentperfect Have Has + V-ed 3ª col + I have worked She has written - I haven´t worked She hasn´t written ? Have you worked? Has she written ? A+S+V ? Time expressions Ever , never , yet , just , Already , lately , howlong..? For , since , in recentyears

  17. TIME EXPRESSIONS • EVER : (Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo. • Have youeverbeen in London? • NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa. • I haveneverseen a class like this. • FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace) • I´ve known himfortwenty years. (Le conozco desde hace 20 años) • SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción. • I´ve known her since 1994. (La conozco desde 1994) • JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo. • Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo” • I´vejustwashed my hair ( Me acabo de lavar el pelo). • ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” ) • I´vealready seen that film ( Ya he visto esa película) • Have you alreadywashed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?) • YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase) • Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado) • Interrogativas(“ya”) Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

  18. usos • Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento. • I have eaten Chinese food many times • Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se hacen con “Howlong..?” • I´velivedhereforfiveyears ( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-todavía vivo aquí) • Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver. • We´vepaintedthekitchen • Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos “just” entre el aux. y el verbo • Theteamhasjustscoreda goal

  19. CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT • Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado. • When did Sam go to India? Last June • Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento indeterminado. • Sam has been to India. • Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas. I lived in India in 1992. • Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan en el presente. I´ve lived in India since 1992. • Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2 years ago. • Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

  20. Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect 1 you / go / on holiday last year? ______________________________ 2 you / ever / go / to England? ______________________________ 3 I / never / try / windsurfing ______________________________ 4 Maria / study / photography last year ______________________________ 5 your teacher / ever / live in England? ______________________________ Did you go on holiday last year? Have you ever been to England? I’ve never tried windsurfing Maria studied photography last year. Has your teacher ever lived in England?

  21. Choose the correct answer. 1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday. 2. When did youreturn / have you returned from your holiday? 3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies. 4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise. 5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002. 6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet? 7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago. 8. I never ate / have never eaten here before. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple. haven’t found • 1. I am still looking for my ticket. I ……………………… (not find) it yet. • 2. The basketball game ……………………… (finish) an hour ago. • 3. ……………… you ever ……………… (see) so many fans at a game? • 4. My little brother ……………………… (not drink) anything at all yesterday. • I ……………………… (never eat) snails before. • 6. ……………… you ……………… (do) your homework last week? finished Have seen didn’t drink have never eaten Did do

  22. Even a woodpecker owes his success to the fact that he uses his head

  23. Presentperfect continuous Presentperfect of “tobe” Havebeen Has been + V-ing ( llevar + gerundio) Time expressions I have been working She has been studying + For a year , since 2002 , howlong..? Allday / night / week … I haven´t been working She hasn´t been studying - Have you been working ? Has she been studying ? ? Use • Anactionthatstarted in thepast and whichstillcontinues in thepresent. Or has recentlystopped. (Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción) • You´reout of breath. Haveyoubeenrunning? • She has beenworkingherefor 2 years • Actionsrepeatedover a period of time. • She´sbeenplayingtennissinceshewas 8 • Anactionwhoseresults are stillapparent. • I´mstilltired.. I havebeenstudyingallnight

  24. PresentPerfect and PresentPerfectContinuous Period of time: I´ve been washing the car. I´m rather wet Completed action: I´ve washed the car. It looks a lot cleaner now The CONTINUOUS here focuses on the action going on The SIMPLE focuses on the result of the action Continuous : For an activity that is still happening. How long ? How long have you been reading that book? Simple : Completed actions. How much? How many? How many times? How many pages of the book have you read? Mary is still writing letters. She´s been writing letters all day Mary has written ten letters today. • Non-continuousverbs: like, know, believe, etc. Notnormallyused in CONT Live & work : we use either CONTINUOUS or SIMPLE John has been living/has lived in London for a long time With “always” we use the SIMPLE . John has alwayslived in London

  25. Past perfect V-ed 3ª col Time expressions Had + Already , bythe time, after , Before, Until , never , just + I had worked By + a time = no laterthan I´llhavefinished my workby 11:30 (I´llhavefinishedit no laterthan 11:30) - I hadn´t worked Use ? Had you worked ? A completed action which took place before another action in the past By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started Present Future Past Perfect Past

  26. Pastperfect continuous Pastperfect of “tobe” + hadbeen V-ing (llevaba + gerundio) Time expressions Forhours , sincelastyear Allmorning , when , until , before + I had been - I hadn´t been Use ? Had you been ? Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”. Wehadbeendrivingfor 5 hourswhenweranout of petrol.

  27. Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past Continuous or Past Perfect Simple. Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia (1) …………… (get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ……………………… (drive) on a small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ……………………… (arrive) in Britain only a few hours before, (4) ……………………… (not speak) English and (5) ……………………… (become) very upset. This was not surprising because he (6) ……………………… (knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before. Similarly, a large lorry (7) ……………………… (break) Dorothea North’s front gate while it (8) ……………………… (travel) through her small British village, Wedmore. Both these accidents (9) ……………………… (happen) because the lorry drivers (10) ……………………… (not watch) where they were going. They (11) ……………………… (use) their GPS navigational systems instead. got was driving had arrived didn’t speak became had knocked broke was travelling happened weren’t watching were using *Getstuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado *Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

  28. Future • TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO ( Futuro de intención) • Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo. Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday. • Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en • que hablamos. Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm. • FUTURE SIMPLE will + inf • Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que hablamos (ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias, amenazas..) I think you´ll learn this very quickly The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it • Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión. He won´t come.

  29. Future de “tobe” + V-ing FUTURE CONTINUOUS Time expressions At this time, at this time next… OnThursday , in thenextdecade + I will be studying - I won´t be studying ? Will you be studying ? Anaction in progress at a certain time in thefuture At this time nextyear, I willbestudyingLaw in Madrid Use FUTURE perfect V-ed 3ª col Future de “have” + + I will have studied Time expressions - I won´t have studied Use Bythis time nextweek, by 10 o´clock…, In threemonths ? Will you have studied? A completedaction at a certain time in thefuture. Bytheend of June, wewillhavefinishedourexams

  30. Choose the correct answer. 1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting. a. have been c. will have been b. had been d. was 2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before. a. have lost c. didn’t lose b. had lost d. will have lost 3. They had read the book before they … the film. a. saw c. will have seen b. had seen d. has seen 4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country. a. had left c. will have left b. have left d. left 5. He … cooking before he got the job. a. hasn’t studied c. hadn’t studied b. won’t have studied d. didn’t study

  31. Complete texts A andB with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.  A Jill usually (1) __________ (go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2) __________ (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________ (have) a test at school, but she (4) __________ (not pass) it. So today she (5) __________ (study) for her exams. B At the moment, Billy (6) __________ (talk) to a police officer, because he (7) __________ (see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________ (drive) too fast when a dog (9) __________ (run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________ (not die). goes doesn’t have had ’s studying didn’t pass is talking saw was driving ran didn’t die

  32. Choose the correct answer 1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited for you since ten o’clock. 2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come to Sam’s party last night? 3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having dinner. 4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering / had been suffering / has suffered from poor health. He’s feeling better now and may return. 5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled / have been travelling to India.

  33. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous. 1. Why did you go to the doctor? Because . (my leg / hurt / all week) 2. Do you like Martin? I don’t know. I . (just meet / him) 3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday? No, I . (not see / her / for a week) 4. Why is his electricity bill so high? Because he (use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day) my leg has been hurting all week have just met him. I haven’t seen her for a week has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.

  34. What is white when it's dirty and black when it's clean ?  A blackboard.

  35. What letter of the alphabet is an insect? B (bee) • What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head? I (eye) • What letter is a drink? T (tea)

  36. What letter of the alphabet is a body of water? C (sea) • What letter is an exclamation ? O (oh!) • What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not once in a thousand years ? the letter m

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