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Respiratory System

Respiratory System. Swenson. Organisms exchange:. Oxygen (O 2 ) and Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) A. Heterotrophs and Autotrophs: (e. Humans and plants) Need 0 2 for cellular respiration Release excess CO 2 from cellular respiration. Examples of exchange of gases in Hetertrophs:.

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System Swenson

  2. Organisms exchange: • Oxygen (O2) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • A. Heterotrophs and Autotrophs: (e. Humans and plants) • Need 02 for cellular respiration • Release excess CO2 from cellular respiration

  3. Examples of exchange of gases in Hetertrophs: Earthworms – diffusion through skin.

  4. Fish and Mollusks – gills (O2 that is dissolved in H2O

  5. Insects – through spiracles (holes along abdomen) that lead to a trachea. Hemolymph allows diffusion of gas into cells.

  6. External Respiration – Gas exchange in lungs. • Internal Respiration – Exchange at cells. Allows mitochondria to make ATP(Energy)

  7. External Respiration In the Lung At the Body Tissues Internal Respiration

  8. Oxygen – carried by hemoglobin in RBC’s • CO2 – carried dissolved in plasma, HCO3 • CO – carbon monoxide has a 20X higher attraction to hemoglobin then O2. Can kill us by limiting our oxygen in blood.

  9. Parts of the Respiratory System: • Pulmonary Artery – Delivers deoxygenated blood to lungs • Pulmonary Vein – Takes oxygenated blood from lungs to heart.

  10. Structure Function Nostrils Warm air Nasal Passage Warm, Filter, Moisten Air Pharynx Direct air to trachea Epiglottis Keep food out Glottis Opening to trachea

  11. Larynx Voice Box Trachea Protect airway (cartilage rings) Bronchus Split to lungs Bronchial Tubes Branches of Bronchus Bronchioles Smaller branching Alveoli Sacs for gas exchange, delivery to the blood

  12. Capillaries Gas exchange Diaphragm Muscle to fill/empty lungs Esophagus Food  stomach Pleural Membrane Sack around lungs, allows creation of a vacuum for “suction”

  13. MiniQuiz #1

  14. Air In Air Out Nitrogen 78% 78.86% Oxygen 21% 16.3% CO2 0.04% 4.5% H2O Traces Slightly more Composition of Air

  15. Step Inspiration (in) Expiration (out) 1 Rib Muscles Contract Relax • Diaphragm Contracts Relax • Lowers Pressure Lung Tissue Shrinks • Creating a Vacuum Forcing Air Out Average Breaths per minute = 18

  16. Liters Volume Explanation 0.5 Tidal Normal in and out breathing 1.2 Residual Air that cannot be expelled 1.6 Expiratory Air that can be forced out Reserve 1.6 Inspiratory Air that can be forced in Reserve 3.7 Vital Capacity Tidal + Expiratory + Inspiratory 4.9 Total “ + “ + “ + residual

  17. Review • http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200022.htm

  18. Can I kill myself by holding my breath? • Nope, I would pass out and then the “automatic” portion of my brain would start my breathing again.

  19. Problems with the Respiratory System: • Hyperventilate – Rapid Breathing, not getting rid of enough CO2

  20. Lung Cancer – primary cause smoking.

  21. Pneumonia – bacterial caused fluid in lungs

  22. Emphysema – Breaking up of alveoli, fewer areas for gas exchange, “suffocating” for years.

  23. Bronchitis – Inflammation of the mucus membranes in the bronchi, causes more mucus production

  24. Asthma – immune system causes inflammation of bronchi. http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/animation/toxicair_lung.swf

  25. Tuberculosis – Bacterial caused breakdown of lung tissue, coughing blood.

  26. Hayfever - an allergic reaction to pollen, dust or other irritants. • Suffocation – insufficient O2 to cells. • Smoking

  27. Autotrophs: 1. Need CO2 for photosynthesis 2. Need O2 for cellular respiration 3. Release excess O2 from photosynthesis Photosynthesis Equation: ORGANELLE - Chloroplast SUNLIGHT 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ATP/NADPH ENZYMES

  28. Cellular Respiration Equation ORGANELLE - Mitochondria ADP + P C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6H2O + 6CO2+ATP ENZYMES

  29. How Roots do Gas Exchange: • O2 is in spaces in soil • O2 dissolved in water (enters plant through successive osmosis) • CO2 diffuses into soil following cellular respiration from heterotrophs

  30. Stems: • Lenticles – small holes along branches, more on growing tips, allow O2 intake and CO2 release.

  31. Leaves - job is photosynthesis • Gas exchange takes place in the spongy and palisade cells. • A thin film of H2O surrounds these cells, allowing diffusion of gases. • CO2 passes through stoma into cells • CO2 passes out to the air

  32. Purpose of a Respiratory System? • To allow intake of O2 • To allow release of CO2 • http://www.bmu.unimelb.edu.au/examples/gasxlung/

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