The Periodic Table

1. The Periodic Table

2. How the Periodic Table is organized • In order of increasing atomic number. • Can be broken down into • Metals, non metals and metalloids Groups = columns Periods = rows

3. 1A 8A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A Transition Metals Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

5. 3 classes of elements • Metals: • Most elements are metals • Good conductors of heat, high luster, solids at room temperature (except Mercury) malleable • Non- Metals: • Most are gasses at room temp (bromine is liquid) • Tend to have opposite properties of metals • Metalloids: • Has properties of both metals and nonmetals • Can behave as either metal or nonmetal.

6. Breakdown of Metals, nonmetals and metalloids

7. Transition Metals- d block • Most are good conductors of electricity and heat. • They vary in their reactivity • They form highly colored ions in solution.

9. Valence Electrons and Octet Rule • Valence electrons - # of electrons in outer most shell. • Octet Rule – All elements want to have 8 electrons in their valence shell.

10. Groups of periodic table- Vertical Columns • Group 1A- Alkali Metals • Soft, silver grey metals, VERY reactive with water (explosive) • Have 1 electron in outer valence shell • Group 2A- Alkaline Earth Metals • Less reactive than alkali metals. • Have 2 e- in outer valence shell.

11. Groups of periodic table- Vertical Columns • Group 3A- • React with halogens. • 3 e- in outer shell • Group 4A- • All life are carbon based compounds- very important element! • 4 e- in outer shell!

12. Groups of periodic table- Vertical Columns • Group 5A- • Except Nitrogen gas, all elements are solids at room temperature • 5 e- in valence shell. Group 6A- • Oxygen reacts with most elements to form oxides. • 6 e- in valence shell.

13. Groups of periodic table- Vertical Columns • Group 7A- Halogens • Nonmetals, very reactive, do not exist in elemental form in nature. • 7 e- in valence shell. Group 8A- Noble Gases • Each gas has a characteristic color in a gas tube. • 8 e- in valence shell.