1 / 50

Acid and Bases

Acid and Bases. Chapter 10. Essential Questions . How are acids and bases defined and classified? How do we classify a solution as a acidic, basic or neutral solution? What is pH and what does it describe? How does acid rain occur?. Acids and Bases .

merritt-estes
Download Presentation

Acid and Bases

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Acid and Bases Chapter 10

  2. Essential Questions • How are acids and bases defined and classified? • How do we classify a solution as a acidic, basic or neutral solution? • What is pH and what does it describe? • How does acid rain occur?

  3. Acids and Bases • Acid is from acidus which means “_________” • Bases taste ________and are _____________. • Bases are considered ____________which is from the Arabic word for _____________

  4. Definition of Acid/Base • Acid is any chemical that _____________a hydrogen ion. • Bases is any chemical that ____________a hydrogen ion.

  5. Hydronium Ion • A water molecule with an _______________.

  6. Hydroxide Ion • Is a water molecule with __________________atom.

  7. Products of Acid/Base Reaction • Products of an acid-base reaction behave as ________or ____________. • An ammonium ion may ____________a hydrogen ion back to a hydroxide ion to _____________the original reactants.

  8. Acid/Base Reactions cont’ • Forward and reverse acid-base reactions occur at the _____________________

  9. Water Reaction • Water can act as a ____________, donating a hydrogen to another ___________ molecule • Produces ____________ion and a _____________ion • The reverse reaction has hydronium ____________a hydrogen atom to the hydroxide ion to form __________

  10. Identify the Acid/Base After Proton Donation • HNO3 •  NO3- • H2SO4 •  HSO4- • HBr •  Br- • H2S •  HS-

  11. Identify the Base After Accepting a Proton • NO3- •  HNO3 • OH- •  H2O • NH3 •  NH3+ • HSO4- •  H2SO4

  12. What is pH? • The negative of the ________________of the hydronium ion concentration. • pH = -log[______]

  13. Acidic, Basic and Neutral Solutions • Acidic solutions have more ________________ions than _____________ions. • Basic solutions have less _______________ions than ________________ions. • Neutral solutions have equal numbers or ______________and _________________ions.

  14. pH • Notice the scale has the highest concentration of hydronium ions at pH = -________with pH is the lowest at pH = ____________ • High pH number means a very ___________solution. • Low pH number means a very ____________solution. • pH = 7 is a ____________solution

  15. Product of Acid/Base Reaction • A salt is any ionic compound formed between a reaction of ______________________ • Examples of salt: KNO3, CaCl2, NaF • Acid-base reactions are a neutralization reaction • Positive ion of salt comes from the ____________ • Negative ion of salt comes from the ___________ • Water is usually in the product of a ________________reaction

  16. Strength or Acids/Bases • Strong acids easily donate ____________to water. • Very little of the original acid is ________________. • Weak acids have a less tendency to donate ____________ions to water. • Much of the _______________is found in the water. • Bases behave the ______________. • Strong bases readily _____________hydrogen ions.

  17. Acid Rain • Rainwater is acidic because of the presence of CO2 • CO2 comes _______________________________ • CO2 + H2O  H2CO3 (carbonic acid) • Carbonic acid _______________the pH of rainwater to __________

  18. Acid rain occurs by presence of pollutants like SO2 (sulfur dioxide) from _____________________ • 2 SO2 + O2 2 SO3 • SO3 + H2O  H2SO4 • Acid rain is the term for rain with a pH ____________

  19. Lakes Sensitive to Acid Rain • Rocks which contain ____________contain bases. Rocks which contain ___________contain very little bases. • Red area = lakes __________to acid because the rocks are mostly ___________.

  20. Smoky Mountains

  21. Acid Rain Effects

  22. Ocean vs. Fresh Water pH • Fresh water ______________and ______________CO2 • pH is below 7 for freshwater lakes • Oceans _____________and _______________CO2 • Considered a carbon dioxide ______________ • pH is approximately __________________

  23. Greenhouse Effect • Oceans cannot _____________enough ___________to stop greenhouse effect • CO2 traps ____________ radiation which ____________up the surface of the Earth • pH of rain, ______________________and pH of oceans are interconnected

  24. Buffer Solutions • Buffer solutions __________________changes in pH • Need a __________acid and ___________of a weak acid • The strong acid _____________with the salt of a weak acid to produce a _____________and a _________

  25. Buffer Solution with a Strong Base • A strong base interacts with the weak acid to produce a _________and _____________ • pH does change in buffer solutions • A strong base would _____________slightly the pH • A strong acid would _____________the pH slightly

  26. Blood Buffer Solution • Contains both _______________ acid and sodium ___________________ • Carbonic acid ________________when you hold your breath or ____________the level of CO2 in your bloodstream • Hyperventilation causes CO2 to ____________your bloodstream and _________________sodium bicarbonate.

More Related