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Acid and Bases

Acid and Bases. Acid Taste sour Citric Acid and Ascorbic: lemons Carbonic and Phosphoric: carbonated beverages Acetic Acid: vinegar Conduct electricity. Base Taste bitter Feel slippery: wet soap Conduct electricity. Physical Properties. Reactions Litmus paper

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Acid and Bases

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  1. Acid and Bases

  2. Acid Taste sour Citric Acid and Ascorbic: lemons Carbonic and Phosphoric: carbonated beverages Acetic Acid: vinegar Conduct electricity Base Taste bitter Feel slippery: wet soap Conduct electricity Physical Properties

  3. Reactions Litmus paper Red = Acidic Blue = Basic Reactions Metals and Metal Carbonates Produce H2 or CO2 Geologists identify limestone with hydrochloric acid Chemical Properties

  4. Videos Links on DHS Chemistry blog

  5. Hydrogen Ion H+ Sometimes H3O+ Hydroxide OH- Ions Goes back and forth Hydrogen Bond

  6. Notice Exponent on 10 Is opposite of pH pH = - log [H+]

  7. pOH [OH-] 14 1 x 10-14 7 1 x 10-7 0 1 x 100 Think in terms of the base pOH = -log [OH-] pH + pOH = 14

  8. Water gains H+ Water loses H+

  9. Neutralization Base + Acid  Salt + Water HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) What type of compounds are each?

  10. Limestone Oceans and Acid Rain Calcium carbonate CCaO3 Sometimes antacids can interfere with medications Acid Neutralizers

  11. Acid Base Reaction then Decomposition Why do some breads have holes? HC2H3O2(aq) + NaHCO3aq)  NaC2H3O2(aq) + H2CO3(aq) H2CO3(aq)  CO2(g) + H2O(l)

  12. Practice Write the balanced equation for the reaction between zinc and nitric acid. Write the balanced equation for the reaction between magnesium carbonate and sulfuric acid.

  13. Answers Zn(s) + 2HNO3(aq)  Zn(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g) MgCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq)  MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) How do you know if you get hydrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas?

  14. Practice Identify the base in the reaction. H2O(l) + CH3NH2(aq)  OH-(aq) +CH3NH3+(aq)

  15. The base is CH3NH2(aq) • The reactants have an acid and a base • The products have conjugate pairs – match up (think Alg 2) • There is an OH- ion in the products which is the conjugate (or pair) base • What did the OH- start as? This is the acid (opposite of base) • So, the other compound must be the base.

  16. Practice Is the solution in which [H+] = 1.0 x 10-5M acidic, basic or neutral? Is the solution in which [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-11M acidic, basic or neutral?

  17. Answers Is it H+ or OH-? • H+ so low pH is more acidic, pH = 5, <7 so slightly acidic • OH- so low pOH is basic, pOH = 11, >7 so strong acidic Or, think pH = 14 – pOH so pH = 3, strong acid

  18. Practice – Neutralization Write the formula equation for the reactions between hydrioric acid and beryllium hydroxide. Write the formula equation for the reactions between perchloric acid and lithium hydroxide.

  19. hydrioric acid and beryllium hydroxide HI Hyrd = hydrogen =H ioric = iodine = I Covalent bonding, share 1 e- Beryllium = Be is group 2 so 2+ Hydroxide = OH- is 1- so need 2 Ionic bonding, metal and ion Be(OH)2

  20. perchloric acid and lithium hydroxide Chloric = Chlorine and Oxygen and acid so need Cl and O and H (need a list of common acids) Lithium = Li is group 1 so 1+ hydroxide = OH- so need 1 Ionic bonding, metal and ion HCIO4 LiOH

  21. Answers 2HI(aq) + Be(OH)2(aq)  BeI(aq) + 2H2O(l) Think how many water? So balance the H HCIO4(aq) + LiOH(aq)  LiCIO4(aq) + H2O(l) Keep the ClO4 as a unit even if it does not have ( )

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