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Japan

Japan. 1923-1937. Kanto Earthquake. 1923 Disastrous Showed Japanese Vulnerability. End of Taisho Period. 1925 – Universal Suffrage 3.3 Million – 12.5 Million Voters 1925 – Peace Preservation Law Aimed at Communists Discouraged Change 1926 – Taisho Emperor dies Succeeded by Hirohito.

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Japan

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  1. Japan 1923-1937

  2. Kanto Earthquake • 1923 • Disastrous • Showed Japanese Vulnerability

  3. End of Taisho Period • 1925 – Universal Suffrage • 3.3 Million – 12.5 Million Voters • 1925 – Peace Preservation Law • Aimed at Communists • Discouraged Change • 1926 – Taisho Emperor dies • Succeeded by Hirohito

  4. Rise of Ultra-Nationalism • Pride • Mass Education System • 1929 Depression • Exposed Japanese weakness • Anti-Communist • Violent • 1930 - PM Hamaguchi

  5. Japanese Expansion • September 1931 - Mukden/Manchurian Incident • Railway explosion • Blamed on Chinese Insurgents • Army took advantage and invaded Manchuria • Set up Puppet-State Manchukuo • 1932 - Withdrew from League of Nations

  6. Increased Violence • Ultra-Nationalist plots • League of Blood • Military Involvement • Assassinations of prominent Zaibatsu/Politicians • Mitsui • PM Inukai Tsuyoshi • Effectively ended Party Rule

  7. Military Rule • 1932 – 1936 • Became overt in February 1936 • PM Okada Assassination Attempt • Nationalist Coup de tat • Western outrage did little to change Japanese actions

  8. The Rape of Nanking • July 1937 – Marco-Polo Bridge incident • Shots/Explosions heard • Japanese used as pretext to attack • Atrocities Followed • Rape/Murder/Pillage • Chemical weapons • The Rape of Nanking is rarely acknowledged

  9. A Japanese Officer poses with his civilian victims.

  10. It is a horrible story to relate; I know not where to begin nor to end. Never have I heard or read of such brutality. Rape: We estimate at least 1,000 cases a night and many by day. In case of resistance or anything that seems like disapproval there is a bayonet stab or a bullet. —James McCallum, letter to his family, 19 December1937

  11. Bibliography • www.wikipedia.org • www.cartoonstock.com • Fewster, Stuart & Gorton, Tony. “Japan: From Shogun to Superstate” Brooks Waterloo, Victoria,1988.

  12. Questions • What was one consequence of the Kanto Earthquake? • What was the Peace Preservation Law? • What was the Mukden/Manchurian Incident? • Who did Ultra-Nationalists target for Assassination? • What was the Marco-Polo Bridge Incident?

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