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Egypt: The Kingdoms

Egypt: The Kingdoms. Global History Honors: Spiconardi. The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE). Egyptian Culture Unthreatened by outside invaders Although Egypt was in contact with lands as far away as Afghanistan and Mesopotamia. The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE). Nomes

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Egypt: The Kingdoms

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  1. Egypt: The Kingdoms Global History Honors: Spiconardi

  2. The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) • Egyptian Culture • Unthreatened by outside invaders • Although Egypt was in contact with lands as far away as Afghanistan and Mesopotamia

  3. The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) • Nomes • Prior to the unification of Egypt under Narmer,Egyptwas divided into nomes • Nomes independent city-states; under unification they were administrative divisions

  4. The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) • The Pharaoh • The rulers of Egypt had various titles • Pharaoh originally referred to the royal palace • The ruler was worshipped by a cult • The ruler was deemed a living god during this period • Had absolute power during the Old Kingdom Djoser, pharaoh of the third dynasty

  5. The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) • Pyramids • Pyramids were only built during the Old Kingdom • First pyramids were step-like The pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara designed by vizier and polymath, Imhotep

  6. The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) • Pyramids • Under Khufu pyramid building took on form you most associate with Egyptian pyramids • Pyramids were costly and very visible • Easy targets for robbers

  7. The Middle Kingdom (2050 – 1652 BCE) • Egypt’s Golden Age • Trade, arts, literature flourished at this time • Egypt built up its army to protect itself from invaders • Pharaoh • Near the end of the Old Kingdom, the pharaoh Pepi II gave away pharaonic power • The pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom wasn’t as powerful, but was expected to be a wise and good ruler

  8. The Middle Kingdom (2050 – 1652 BCE) • Tombs • The rising cost of pyramids and increased robbery led to the development of a new resting place for Egypt’s kings • The Valley of the Kings • Series of hidden tombs to avoid robbery located in Thebes

  9. The Valley of the Kings (discovered tombs)

  10. The Middle Kingdom (2050 – 1652 BCE) • Hyksos Invasion • Marks the end of the Middle Kingdom • Benefits • Improved Egyptian bronze casting • Future pharaohs borrow Hyksos chariot fighting technique • Hyksos preserved papyri of Egyptian medical texts

  11. The New Kingdom (1567 – 1085 BCE) • Reunification • Under Ahmose, the Hyksos were defeated and Upper and Lower Egypt were reunified

  12. The New Kingdom (1567 – 1085 BCE) • Period of Chaos • The Reign of Akhenaten (King Tut’s father) • Changed the Egyptian religion to worship one god, Aten

  13. The New Kingdom (1567 – 1085 BCE) • Invasion of the Hittites, Assyrians and “Sea Peoples” • Constant state of war led to the depletion of the treasury • For the next thousand years Egypt was dominated by • Libyans • Nubians • Persians • Macedonians

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