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Laws, policies and trends in a multicultural perspective

Explore diverse countries including Ethiopia, Georgia, Kenya, Spain, Uganda, and Vietnam in a presentation on their laws, policies, and socio-cultural trends from a multicultural viewpoint.

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Laws, policies and trends in a multicultural perspective

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  1. VUGESK

  2. Laws, policies and trends in a multicultural perspective Group presentation in SNE4110 Group VUGESK

  3. Ethiopia Georgia Kenya Spain Uganda Vietnam Group members VUGESK

  4. Presentation Outline • Presentation • Comments and questions by other groups • Comments and question by lecturers • Intermision VUGESK

  5. Agenda VUGESK

  6. Ethiopia Georgia Kenya Spain Uganda Vietnam Our countries - Overview VUGESK

  7. Ethiopia • Ethiopia is Africa’s oldest Independent country. Apart from a five year occupation by Mussolini (Italy), it has never been colonized. • But the country is better known for its periodic droughts and famine, its long civil conflict and a boarder war with Eritrea. • Population: 74.2 million (UN, 2005) • Capital: Addis Ababa • Area: 1.13 million sq km (437,794 sq miles) • Major languages: Amharic, Oromo, Tigrinya, Somali • Major religions: Christianity, Islam VUGESK

  8. Background data • Life expectancy: 46 years (men), 49 years (women) (UN) • GNI per capita: US $160 (World Bank, 2006) • Population growth (annual %) 1.9 • Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 42.5 • Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 5.4 • Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 110.4 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 166.4 • Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 71.0 • Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 50.6 • School enrollment, primary (% gross) 77.0 • School enrollment, secondary (% gross) 27.8 • School enrollment, tertiary (% gross) 2.5 • Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%) 72.8 VUGESK

  9. Georgia - საქართველო • Population: 4, 474,404 million • Official languages: Georgian (own alphabet) • Capital: Tbilisi • Annual population growth rate: 1% • Major religion: Orthodox Christianity • GNI per capita (Atlas method) (current US$) 1,060. (in 2004) • Life expectancy: women:77 years and men: 69 years. VUGESK

  10. Background data • Types of schools: Primary, secondary and tertiary . • Special schools. • Literacy rate: (adults) 98.9% in 1998 • Gross enrolment ratio (GRT) 89% in 1989 (These do not include children with disabilities) • Life expectancy in Georgia: 69 years for men and 77 for women. • No accurate statistical data on the disabled children in Georgia, but several trends can be indicated. The number of disabled children is on the increase. Congenital diseases account for most of the disabilities( approx. 80%) • UNICEF registered 10,772 disabled children in Georgia • There is no necessary and reliable information on the conditions of these children. VUGESK

  11. Kenya • Country : The Republic of Kenya • The government : Coalition • Capital : Nairobi • Population: 34,707,817 ;approximately 10% lives with some type of disability or impairment (WHO) • Population below poverty line: 50% • GDP rate :5.2% • Unemployed : 40 % • Religion : Christianity, Islam Hinduism , African traditional religion • Official languages: English and Kiswahili VUGESK

  12. Background data • Total fertility rate :4.91 children born per woman • Birth rate: 39.72 births /1,000 population • Growth rate: 2.57 % • Death rates: 14.02 / 1000 population • Infant mortality rate total :59.26 deaths per 1,000 live births ;male _6.92, female_56.54 • Literacy definition :age 15 and over can read and write; total population:85.1 % • Education system: 8-4-4 • General Data on SNE • 10% of the population has a disability. • 25% are the school going age. • Out of 750,000, an estimated 90,000 identified and assessed. • 14,614 are enrolled in SNE programs VUGESK

  13. Spain • Population: 44 395 286 inhabitants (2006) • Annual population growth rate: 0,65% (2005) • Area: 506 000 Km² • Capital: Madrid • Political: Parliamentary monarchy • GNI per capita: US $ 27 542 (2005) • Life expectancy: 75,9 years (men) / 82,8 years (women) • Mortality rate infant: 4 (per 1000 live births) • Official languages: Spanish. (Also Catalan, Galician and Euskera) • Religion: 80 % Catholics / 12 % atheist and agnostics VUGESK

  14. Background data • Illiteracy rate: 2% (older than 15 years) • Rate of persons with dissabilities: 9% (3 528 222 inhabitants) • Disability by type: • Mobility 809 383 • Visual 697 778 • Hearing 665 479 • Autonomy 561 830  • Learning 335 426 • Behavioral 338 519 • Speech 190 264 • Others 2 921 641 VUGESK

  15. Uganda Population: Estimated over 28 million persons (2006) 2005 27.8million, growing at 3.5 • Life expectancy is 45 – 50 years • Tentative Infant Mortality rate was 80.2 per 1000 live births • Total fertility rate 7.1 (2006) Source: www.ubos.org Language Official language: English Other local language as many as the districts Sign language Political: Establish as the Republic of Uganda Source: www.nyulawglobal.org Economic GNI/capital 250.0 (2005) 9.2 million (38%) below the poverty line Religion: Catholic, Anglicans, Muslims, Pentecostal and Others International Participation: Uganda has committed herself on the following United Nations Convention on Human Rights VUGESK

  16. VUGESK

  17. Background data • Children less than 15 years of age 49% of the population • Children below 18 years of age 56% of the population • Literacy rate was 65% (10 years and above) Data on special needs • Both Inclusive and Special Education • Recognition of sign language as a media of instruction in school. • Persons with disability take more than 10% of the total population • Primary school enrollment of children with disabilities estimates 170,893 Mentally challenged (45,425) Visually impaired (40,316) Hearing Impaired (48,354) Physically Impaired (39,049) and Orphaned children (42,802) • Recognition of sign language as a media of instruction in school. VUGESK

  18. VUGESK

  19. Vietnam • Capital: Hanoi • Government: Communism • Population: 84,238 (Mid-2005) • Population growth (annual %): 1.0 • GNI (current US$): 44.6 billion • GNI per capita (current US$): 540.0 • Life expectancy: 70.3 • Infant mortality rate:17.4 per 1,000 live births • Mortality rate, under-5 per 1,000: 23.2 • 54 ethnic groups: Kinh (Viet): nearly 90%, 53 other: over 10%. • Official language: Vietnamese • Main religions: Buddhism (which fuses forms of Taoism and Confucianism), Christianity (Catholicism and Protestantism. VUGESK

  20. Background data General education in Vietnam • Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group): 100.8 (2003) • School enrollment, primary (% gross): 98.0 • School enrollment, secondary (% gross): 73.5 • School enrollment, tertiary (% gross):10.2 • Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%): 94.3 • Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above): 90.3 SNE related data (No fixed number) (Survey data of MOLISA) • Number of PwDs (in 2003): ~ 5.3 million(~6.63% of total population) (WHO) Number of PwDs is approximately 10% of the population (~8.3 million) • Nearly 8 percent of Vietnamese households with PwDs, most of which are poor. (MOET) School-aged CwDs: nearly 1 million (WHO): 1.2 million CwDs • ~ 230,000 CD go to school, account for 24.22%[1]. • SNE teacher training institutions: 4 universities, 3 pre-education teacher training colleges and 7 provincial colleges. • ~105 SNE schools/centres, 10 of which changed to SNE resource centres. • ~ 2,500 schools with inclusive settings. • [1] Monitoring Report on the Implementation of the Ordinance on the PwDs by National Assembly Committee of Social Issues, June 2006 VUGESK

  21. VUGESK

  22. One more issue • The effects of the Agent Orange (AO)/dioxin used by the US during the war in Vietnam. • Over 72 million liters of toxic chemicals in Southern Vietnam, 44 million liters containing the agent orange composed of 170 kg of dioxin (from 1961 to 1971)– a deadly chemical that causes genetic changes like cancer and birth deformities in the affected people. • All these can be passed down to the victims’ next generations, again causing numerous severe diseases such as paralysis, mental retardation, blindness, deafness and deformities. • About 2 million people directly affected by the agent orange and about 200,000 affected children. • On 24 July 1998, the Red Cross Society of Vietnam established the Agent Orange Victims Protection Fund to help alleviate the consequences of the agent orange. ((White book of Human rights in Vietnam – MOF) VUGESK

  23. EDUCATION, HEALTH CARE, SOCIAL WELFARE, AND HUMAN RIGHTS Law and Policies VUGESK

  24. Education VUGESK

  25. Education VUGESK

  26. Health Care VUGESK

  27. Health Care VUGESK

  28. SOCIAL WELFARE VUGESK

  29. SOCIAL WELFARE VUGESK

  30. HUMAN RIGHTS VUGESK

  31. HUMAN RIGHTS VUGESK

  32. Similarities & Differences VUGESK

  33. Common laws and policies in our countries VUGESK

  34. Different laws and policies in our countries VUGESK

  35. Different laws and policies in our countries VUGESK

  36. Adaptation of laws and policiesReasons for why we should adapt any of the laws in each other’s country VUGESK

  37. SERVICES AND PROGRAMES VUGESK

  38. Common services and programes in our countries • Advocacy and lobbying • Early Intervention Service • Special Education services and programs • Habilitation and Rehabilitation • Training teachers in SNE • Community-based training program. • Vocational Training VUGESK

  39. Services and programs in each country VUGESK

  40. Services and programs in each country VUGESK

  41. Early intervention services VUGESK

  42. Early intervention services VUGESK

  43. Standard Rules for Equalization of Opportunities VUGESK

  44. Salamanca declaration VUGESK

  45. Needs ofeach country VUGESK

  46. Needs ofeach country VUGESK

  47. Group process • Members having too much to give, and therefore becoming difficulty to define “very brief” • High spirit of cooperation and the desire to accomplish the task. • Division of tasks and later mini-presentation of at one’s country’s information VUGESK

  48. Thank you! VUGESK

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