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I. Overview of Middle Ages

I. Overview of Middle Ages. Periods of History Classical Antiquity - Greece and Rome Rome fell in 476 AD Middle Ages (“Dark Ages”) Church took place of Empire in org. Modernity Renaissance to present. (I. Overview of Middle Ages). Feudalism.

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I. Overview of Middle Ages

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  1. I. Overview of Middle Ages • Periods of History • Classical Antiquity- Greece and Rome • Rome fell in 476 AD • Middle Ages (“Dark Ages”) • Church took place of Empire in org. • Modernity • Renaissance to present

  2. (I. Overview of Middle Ages) Feudalism • Political/social arrangement… esp. in Northern Europe • Fief (land or gift) for service • LordVassal • Serfs… “owned” by the land • Main allegiance to Lord • Decentralized Power(not in hands of 1… see picture to right)

  3. (I. Overview of Middle Ages) The House that the Lords Built • Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle How would the presence of castles make a King weaker? Just ask Machiavelli!

  4. (I. Overview of Middle Ages) Manorialism • Economics of Middle Ages • Agrarian (3 fields, rotated… 1 fallow) • 90% worked land • Largely self-sufficient… little trade, thus little travel • Nobility rules the roost

  5. (I. Overview of Middle Ages) Medieval ‘Cribs’ (???) • Handcrafted thatch roof, scrub brush floors and open windows… plenty of room for the kids, the goats, and the cows! • 1 room/no bathroom

  6. (I. Overview of Middle Ages) Lifestyle- Food Section • Recipe: Combine grain, onions, turnips, carrots, and salted meats (if available… most likely won’t be though) to a watery broth and… VOILA! You’ve got Soup de Manor! • In southern Europe, soup should be served with wine. In north, with beer (plain water too dangerous) • Average daily caloric intake: 1600 calories (modern is 2000!!!)

  7. The Roman Catholic Church, late Middle Ages • Gothic Architecture • Flying buttresses & Pointed arches… all UP • High windows… STAINED GLASS (tell a story) • “For the Glory of God”

  8. Interior of Gothic Church

  9. Church Peeps • Pope • College of Cardinals • Archbishops, Bishops, Priests • Monks (monastery) • Illuminated Manuscripts • Nuns (convent)

  10. From Medieval to Modern:14th Century Chaos and the Rise of Central Gov’t. • Hundred Years War • Bubonic Plague • Problems of the Church

  11. Main Theme: Catastrophe and the positives it can bring... • Example A: 100 Years War(1337-1453) • England vs. France, France wins (yeah Joan!) • Decline of Feudalism • New technology • Large, Standing armies • Birth of Nationalism & Strong Monarchies • France emerged as major Continental Power (just ask Machiavelli…)

  12. Example B: The Black Death… dun dun dun! (sound of ominous music) • 2/5 of Europe’s pop. dead in 50 yrs. • Started Italy, moved North (via trade routes) • Hit cities esp. hard • Really weakened Nobility • 1. Artisans in city dying, opportunity to be replaced by peasants/country folk • 2. Nobles made money from selling food... So many people died, food prices dropped • Impact on Art of the Day…

  13. Plague Era Artwork

  14. Plague Era Artwork

  15. Plague Era Artwork

  16. So what did this do to Europe? • So many issues for people to deal with… • Huge famine in early 1300s • Plague in mid-late 1300s • About 1/3 population died • Constant Warfare (Hundred Yrs.) • Continuous depression and doubt • Social Upheaval (Nobles lose out big to rising power of Kings) • And to top it all off… The “Dance of Death”

  17. There are just as many questions regarding the Church! • Politics as Usual… Boniface VII vs. Philip II • 1309-1377: Avignon Papacy… controlled by French King?!? Rome in disarray. • Increased Church extravagance too (read: “Party!”)… as well as church fund raising! (benefices, indulgences, simony, tithes, dispensation from Canon Law, etc) • Church too political??? Questions arise • Conciliar Movement • William of Ockham and Brothers of Common Life & Augustinian monks (all want POPULAR PIETY… Internal Feeling, NOT External Show)

  18. Great Schism • Great Schism (1378-1417) • 2 or 3 Popes at any one time! Who do you look to? • Gregory XI back to Rome… then died • Romans push for Urban VI (Italian) • French say unfair election… elect another Pope in Avignon! • ??? Universal Excommunication??? • Medieval Plague Sufferers… “This is the last thing I need in my life right now…” • Solving Problems… • Conciliarists • Council of Pisa (Both Rome/Avignon gone… new Pope!) • Council of Constance (All three gone… new Pope again!) • Time to Rebuild Rome… Renaissance Patronage!

  19. The Big Picture • 100 Years War (Nobility, Feudalism): • Stronger Centralized gov’t after • Plague (Nobility, Feudalism): • Weaker nobles= stronger central gov’t • Rural exodus= decreased feudal structure (esp. W. Europe) • Church Scandals- Avignon, Schism, & Ecclesiastical Corruption (Religion as Primary Motivator for All) • People questioning what used to be unquestionable; Begins more secular concerns (NOT end of religion though)

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