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The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table. Elements in the Periodic Table. Groups. Periods. Introduction to Terminologies. Groups. Periods. Periodic table : It is the tabular display of chemical elements. Group : A group or a family is a vertical column in the periodic table

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The Periodic Table

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  1. The Periodic Table

  2. Elements in the Periodic Table Groups Periods

  3. Introduction to Terminologies Groups Periods • Periodic table: It is the tabular display of chemical elements. • Group: A group or a family is a vertical column in the periodic table • Period : The horizontal row in a periodic table is called a period.

  4. Details in the Periodic Table • Atomic Number = number of electrons = number of protons • Atomic Mass = number of (protons + neutrons)

  5. Groups • 18 groups in standard periodic table, numbered from 1 to 18, as per IUPAC standards. • Elements in a group have similar configurations of the outermost shells, leading to similar properties.

  6. Group Names • Group 1: Alkali metals • Group 2: Alkaline earth metals • Group 3-11 : Transition Metals • Group 11: Coinage metals/Copper Family • Group 12-14: Metalloids & nonmetals • Group 15: Pnictogens /Nitrogen Family • Group 16: Chalcogens /Oxygen Family • Group 17: Halogens /Halide Family • Group 18: Noble gases

  7. Periods • There are 7 periods in the table. • Elements of the same period have the same number of electron shells. • Within each group across a period, the number of electrons and protons increases, leading to increase in atomic number. • Elements within the same period do not generally show similarity in properties, except d-block and f-block (lanthanides) elements.

  8. Trends in the Periodic Table • Trends occur due to the electronic configurations of elements. • Across a period, electrons of the outermost shell, experience increased nuclear attraction due to increase in atomic number. • Down a group, nuclear attraction decreases due to “shielding effect”.

  9. Periodic Trends - Summary

  10. Classification of Elements in Periodic Table Classification depends on the difference in physical and chemical properties of elements: • Metals (yellow ) • Nonmetals (green) • Metalloids (purple)

  11. Properties of Metals • Shiny solids at room temperature, except mercury. • Good conductor of both heat and electricity. • High melting point and density. • Shiny and lustrous. • Ductile and malleable. • Metals can be alloyed.

  12. Properties of Nonmetals • Insulators of heat and electricity. • Dull surface. • Low density, compared to metals. • Low melting temperatures. • Brittle solids

  13. Element of the UP – Copper..!!! • Symbol – Cu, from the Latin word cuprum • Atomic number – 29 • Classification – Transition Metal • Appearance – Reddish, with a bright metallic luster • Position in the Periodic table: Group 11 and Period 4. • Melting Point: 1356 K (1981 oF)

  14. Alloys of Copper • Brass – Cu and Zn • Red Brass/Gunmetal – Cu, Zn and Sn • Phosphor Bronze/Bronze – Cu and Sn • Aluminum Bronze – Cu and Al • Silicon Bronze – Cu and Si • Monel – Ni and Cu

  15. Applications of Cu • Piping • Electrical applications • Architecture • Household products • Coinage • Chemical applications • Miscellaneous

  16. Cu – The Miracle Element • http://www.ebaumsworld.com/video/watch/80906854/

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