US IMPERIALISM

1. US IMPERIALISM

2. Objectives & Questions • Explain why and how America acquired Hawaii using a timeline. • Summarize the Open Door policy in a paragraph. • Questions to answer: • Why did the U.S. abandon her traditional isolationist foreign policy? • How did the U.S. expand its influence in the world?

3. Isolationism vs. Imperialism • Isolationism: avoiding involvement in the affairs of other nations • In his 1796 Farewell Address, George Washington advised the US to not get in foreign alliances • US leaders followed this advice, however Americans wanted to improve the American economy with foreign trade • Imperialism: The practice of extending a nation’s power by gaining territories for a colonial empire • Between 1870-1914 Europeans took control of much of Africa and Southeast Asia for raw materials for their industrialization and for new markets for their products

4. Annexing Hawaii • The planters established a new government and declared Hawaii to be un U.S. control • Congress annexed Hawaii on July 7, 1898 • By the 1840s 80% of the ships arriving in Hawaii were American owned, as were shops, warehouses, and shipyards • The planters revolted and 150 US marines came ashore to help with the revolt, which succeeded without any shots being fired • An 1875 treaty allowed Hawaiian sugar to be shipped without taxes to the US if Hawaii did not grant territory or special privileges to any other foreign nation • US ships began stopping in Hawaii for supplies and US missionaries began creating farms and businesses • US Sugar planters forced King Kalakaua to sign a constitution grating more power to themselves • The Hawaiian people first came in contact with Europeans in 1778 • In 1893 Queen Liliuokalani got power and signed a new constitution taking away power from the plantation owners

5. Annexing Hawaii • The Hawaiian people first came in contact with Europeans in 1778 • US ships began stopping in Hawaii for supplies and US missionaries began creating farms and businesses • By the 1840s 80% of the ships arriving in Hawaii were American owned, as were shops, warehouses, and shipyards • An 1875 treaty allowed Hawaiian sugar to be shipped without taxes to the US if Hawaii did not grant territory or special privileges to any other foreign nation • US Sugar planters forced King Kalakaua to sign a constitution grating more power to themselves • In 1893 Queen Liliuokalani got power and signed a new constitution taking away power from the plantation owners • The planters revolted and 150 US marines came ashore to help with the revolt, which succeeded without any shots being fired • The planters established a new government and declared Hawaii to be un U.S. control • Congress annexed Hawaii on July 7, 1898

6. What countries do you see? • What objects do you see? • What do these things represent? • What facial expressions do you see? Why? Explain who is in this picture and what is being represented by the cartoon.

7. Uncle Sam restrains the militaristic aggression of the European Great Powers—France, Russia, Germany, and Italy—while China eyes an American-made train engine, sewing machine, and other U.S. commercial products.  • In the left-background, Britain tips his hat approvingly at Uncle Sam’s behavior.  

8. Open Door Policy • After China’s 1895 defeat by Japan other nations took advantage of China’s weakness to seize spheres of influence • areas where foreign nations control trade and natural resources • Germany, England, Russia, and France all took territory • The US feared that it would be kept out of Chinese markets, but the nation lacked the naval power to take over territory in China • In 1899 Secretary of State John Hay proposed a policy that would give all nations equal trading rights in China. • Known as the Open Door Policy • Urged all foreigners in China to obey Chinese law, observe fair competition • Other countries did not accept or reject the policy, so Hay announced that they accepted it

9. Yellow Journalism • Watch Yellow Journalism video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0mjkLPvrQM&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active • Answer the following questions: • Who is Hearst? • What is yellow journalism? • How is it different than other journalism?

10. Yellow Journalism • Two newspapers, one by Pulitzer (New York World) and one by William Randolph Hearst (New York Journal) were competing for readers. • They were very critical of the Spanish • Their harsh words and stories were part of their competition for readers • This use of sensational and exaggerated stories to attract readers is known as Yellow Journalism • Pulitzer began the practice of yellow journalism, but Hearst became better at exaggerating the stories to sell papers • Beginning of American tabloids

11. Yellow Journalism

12. Objectives & Questions • Explain how Yellow Journalism impacted the Spanish American war by creating the front page of a newspaper. • Summarize how and why the Panama Canal was built in a paragraph. • Define Dollar Diplomacy using the Frayer Model. • Questions to answer: • Why did the U.S. abandon her traditional isolationist foreign policy? • How did the U.S. expand its influence in the world?

13. Spanish-American War • Cuba was a colony of Spain and was struggling to gain its independence from Spain • Many Americans sympathized with Cuba’s struggle thinking it was similar to the American Revolution • Monroe Doctrine opposed European colonies in the Americas • The American press widely reported on the conflict b/w America and Spain with Yellow Journalism • The Press often sided with the Cubans and attempted to convince the American public to side with the rebels • Despite growing support from the public, President Cleveland was opposed to involvement in Cuba

14. Spanish American War • Events that led to war: • Hearst published a private letter the Spanish minister to the US had written to a friend that called the president “weak”- this outraged many Americans • US sent the battleship Maine to Havana to protect Americans • On February 15 the Maine exploded and sank with a loss of 260 men • The cause of the explosion was unclear, many Americans blamed Spain and “Remember the Maine,” quickly became a rallying cry for angry Americans • President McKinley requested $50 million to prepare for war and Congress approved • April 20, Congress declared Cuba independent and demanded Spain leave the island in 3 days • Spain declared war on April 24, 1898

15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Abzd41k_OhQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=activehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Abzd41k_OhQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

16. Spanish American War • Read the article/front page of the USS Maine • Answer the following questions: • How long after the explosion of the Maine was this article written? • What does the headline of the article suggest about the Newspaper’s point of view? • Upon what type of evidence does the New York Journal base its claims?

17. Spanish American War • Details of the war: • Most expected victory in Cuba to come quickly • US army was unprepared to train/supply the soldiers needed for the war • Teddy Roosevelt organized a group of soldiers- Rough Riders • American newspapers made him a hero • First battle was in the Philippines- Spanish surrendered the Philippines 2 months later • US blockaded the Cuban harbor, allowing US troops to come ashore and help the Cuban rebels • The US soldiers were able to defeat Spanish forces on the ground, and the blockade destroyed every Spanish ship, leading to the Spanish to surrender August 12, 1898.

18. Spanish American War • Results of the War: • The treaty b/w Spain and America placed Puerto Rico, Guam, Cuba, and the Philippines under US control • Philippines: Annexed after the Spanish American War • America agreed to pay $20 million in return for the Philippines • Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States. • The United States asserted her right to intervene in Cuban affairs • Platt Amendment- limited Cuba’s freedom to make treaties, required Cuba to sell or lease land to the US for naval bases, and authorized the US to intervene in Cuban affairs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IU5l4yQCpMM&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

19. Panama Canal • A canal would cut 8,000 miles off the voyage and join the Atlantic & Pacific • Roosevelt was a strong supporter of a Central American canal • Tried to organize a treaty with Colombia, where the US would pay $10 million plus $250,000 a year for a 99-year lease on a five-mile-wide strip of land • Colombia refused • Roosevelt helped support Panama gain their independence from Columbia by sending US warships • Panama won its independence and then negotiated a treaty to build the canal, adding another 10 miles • Canal opened August 15, 1914

20. Panama Canal

21. Dollar Diplomacy • President Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America. He promised that the United States would step in if unrest threatened their investments. • Taft thought he could influence events and encourage stability • In 1911 the US helped Nicaragua get private loans from American banks in order to pay its national debt • The US also helped Honduras get out of Debt

22. Spanish American War • Based on the material we have covered, create the front page of your own newspaper, in the yellow journalist style of Hearst & Pulitzer. You MUST include the following:  • TITLE: • Every newspaper needs a title (something a little more creative than “Jimmy’s Wicked Cool Newspaper”…). • 1 MAIN HEADLINE + FEATURE ARTICLE: • A big, sensational main headline will attract readers to your feature article, which is the BIG story (2-3 paragraphs).