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Understanding the Circulatory System: Open vs. Closed Systems, Heart Functions, Blood Vessels, and Health

Explore the circulatory system's functions, open and closed systems, heart anatomy, blood vessels, and common disorders for a healthier lifestyle. Understand the roles of arteries, veins, capillaries, and the heart in maintaining optimal circulation.

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Understanding the Circulatory System: Open vs. Closed Systems, Heart Functions, Blood Vessels, and Health

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  1. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

  2. Purpose: • transportation- move substances to and from cells • linking cells with the outside environment • Substances include: O2, CO2, H2O, nutrients (glucose), vitamins, hormones, and cell wastes

  3. Types of Circulatory System • Open Circulatory System-blood not enclosed in vessels, it flows directly into body tissues where it bathes tissues • Example- grasshopper- blood is kept moving by breathing and movement of animal • Note: blood is clear, No hemoglobin, it does not carry O2 or CO2 only nutrients and cellular wastes

  4. OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

  5. Types of Circulatory System • Closed Circulatory System- blood always contained in tubes or vessels • Example –Earthworm or Human • Note- Main difference between closed and open system is blood in closed system is under pressure, blood moves faster as a result

  6. CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

  7. Human Circulatory System • 3 Main parts include • Heart • Blood • Blood vessels

  8. Blood Vessels • Function–carry blood to and from the cells in the body • 3 types of blood vessels • Arteries- take blood away from the heart to body • Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small arteries are called arterioles) • Thick , elastic walls • Blood under the most pressure • Contain O2-rich blood

  9. Blood Vessels • Veins- Return blood back to the heart from the body • Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small veins are called venules) • Thin, only slightly elastic • One-way valves help blood to flow in one direction • Muscles of the body help to squeeze the veins and move blood back to heart • Contain O2- poor blood (CO2)

  10. VEINS • Vein disorder- Varicose veins- veins become stretched out and blood pools in legs

  11. Spider Veins

  12. Blood Vessels • Capillaries- tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins • Single cell thick- very thin so materials can easily pass through to body cells (exchange gases and nutrients for wastes) • Narrow, thin vessels allow red cells to pass in a single file

  13. HEART

  14. HEART • Location- left center of chest between lungs • Function- muscular pump to push blood through blood vessels • Made of- Cardiac Muscle tissue • Never gets tired • Muscle fibers are intertwined • Muscle fibers contract and relax together as one unit

  15. HEART • Heartbeat- lub-dub sound of closing valves (AV-valves then semi-lunar valves) • Cycle of heartbeat • Contraction of heart= Systole (Squeeze) • Relaxationof heart = Diastole (Dilate) • Pulse= heart rate found in your arteries (artery expands (heart contracts) and relaxes (heart relaxes) ASD_rev.html

  16. HEART Heart Chambers • Atria- upper chambers (right & left) • Receive blood from body or lungs • Thin walls • Ventricles- lower chambers (right & left) • Push blood away to the body or lungs • Thick walls • Septum – wall in middle of heart that separates the O2 rich side (left) from the O2 poor side (right)

  17. Blood Flow from left side of heart to right side of heart: • Left atria(bicuspid valve) • Left ventricle (semi-lunar valve) • Aorta (main artery) • Body (upper and lower) • Vena Cava Vein( Superior[from above heart]& inferior [from below heart)

  18. Blood Flow from left side of heart to right side of heart: 6. Right Atria (tricuspid valve) 7. Right Ventricle (semi-lunar valve) 8. Pulmonary Arteries (to lungs) 9. Lungs (exchange CO2 for O2) 10. Pulmonary Veins(to heart) 11. Left Atria (back at the beginning)

  19. BLOOD PRESSURE • Unit- millimeters of Mercury (Hg) • Normal Adult Blood Pressure (BP) = 120/80 • 120mmHg Systole/ 80mmHg Diastole • Measurement Device- Sphygmomanometer (Blood Pressure Cuff) • Disorder- Hypertension(High Blood Pressure) • Diagnosis- Blood Pressure number greater than 140mm Systole or 90mm Diastole • Treatment- exercise, weight loss and medication

  20. Disorders of Circulatory System • Atherosclerosis-(hardening of the arteries) excess cholesterol and fat deposits on inner walls of arteries restricting blood flow and increasing blood pressure • Treatment-Cholesterol medication (Lipitor) and diet restriction of fat and cholesterol

  21. Disorders of the circulatory system • Heart attack (myocardial infarction) - Blood flow in the coronary artery becomes severely restricted or completely restricted and results in heart muscle death • Treatment: • Angioplasty(balloon to open the artery’s blood flow) • Stent- artificial brace to keep the artery open (like a Chinese finger puzzle) • Bypass surgery- connect a new blood vessel around the blockage (artery from patient’s leg) • Healthy Diet & exercise, lower stress, quit smoking

  22. Disorders of the circulatory system • Stroke- Blood flow to the brain is blocked (clot) resulting in loss of consciousness, numbness and possible brain damage • Treatment- removal of clot, medication to stop clotting

  23. Disorders of the circulatory system • Heart Murmur- abnormal rhythm of the heartbeat caused by leaky valves in the heart • Treatment- replace the leaky valves • Arrhythmia - Heart beat rhythm not regular or rapid (bradycardia, tachycardia) • Treatment- pacemaker placed on heart

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