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Plants

Plants. Eukaryotic Cellulose Autotroph Photosynthesis Stems, Roots, Leaves Alternation of Generations. Plants. Eukaryotic Cellulose Autotroph Photosynthesis Stems, Roots, Leaves Alternation of Generations. Seeds Vascular. No Seeds Vascular. No Seeds Avascular. Plants. No Seeds

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Plants

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  1. Plants Eukaryotic Cellulose Autotroph Photosynthesis Stems, Roots, Leaves Alternation of Generations

  2. Plants Eukaryotic Cellulose Autotroph Photosynthesis Stems, Roots, Leaves Alternation of Generations Seeds Vascular No Seeds Vascular No Seeds Avascular

  3. Plants No Seeds Vascular FERNS Seeds Vascular ALL OTHERS No Seeds Avascular MOSSES

  4. Moss Life Cycle http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/moss.html

  5. Fern Life Cycle http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio111/animations/0124.swf

  6. Chapter 30 • Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

  7. Seed Plant Reproductive Adaptations • Reduction of the gametophyte: shift from haploid to diploid condition; female gametophyte and embryo remain in sporangia (protection against drought and ionizing radiation on land?) • Advent of the seed multicellular sporophyte embryo with food supply and protective coat; heterosporous (two types of spores): megaspores--->female gametophyte--->eggs; microspores---> male gametophyte--->sperm • Evolution of pollen: develop from microspores which mature into the male gametophytes; resistant and airborne for a terrestrial environment; eliminated water (sporopollenin coats)

  8. Gymnosperms • Cone-bearing plants • Lack enclosed chambers (ovaries) for seeds • Ovules and seeds develop on specialized leaves called sporophylls • Ginkgo, cycads, and conifers • All are “evergreens” • Needle-shaped leaves • Vascular tissue refinement: tracheids~ water conducting and supportive element of xylem http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKnrlUI85ys&feature=related; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1wWgIcyEXo

  9. Angiosperms • Most diverse and geographically widespread of all plants • “Flowering plants”(Phy: Anthophyta) • Monocots: 1 embryonic seed leaf (lilies, palms, grasses, grain crops) • Dicots: 2 embryonic seed leaves (roses, peas, sunflowers, oaks, maples) • Vascular tissue refinement: vessel elements/fiber cells http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ph7Ex8rQ-IA&feature=related; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYzYn5WkgdM

  10. The flower: the defining structure of angiosperms • Reproductive structure: pollen transfer; specialized shoot with modified leaves • Sepals: enclose flower before it opens • Petals: attract pollinators • Stamens: male; anther (produces pollen), filament • Carpels: female; stigma, style, ovary, ovules

  11. Seed to flower • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDN0yAFcQok; • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbyImpvrO74&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eelwEB4Z1GA&feature=related

  12. Angiosperm life cycle • Fruit (mature ovary); seeds from ovules • Pollen grains: 2 haploid cells (immature male gametophytes) • Ovules (female gametophyte~ embryo sac) • Double fertilization: 1 sperm w/ egg = diploid zygote; other sperm w/ 2 nuclei in center of sac = triploid endosperm

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