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Cognitive studies of expertise: knowledge base in LTM is central to cognitive processing

Implications of Cognitive Load Theory to the assessment of English language comprehension Slava Kalyuga School of Education University of New South Wales. . . Cognitive studies of expertise: knowledge base in LTM is central to cognitive processing.

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Cognitive studies of expertise: knowledge base in LTM is central to cognitive processing

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  1. Implications of Cognitive Load Theory to the assessmentof English language comprehensionSlava KalyugaSchool of EducationUniversity of New South Wales

  3. Cognitive studies of expertise: knowledge base in LTM is central to cognitive processing

  4. Knowledge base in Long-Term Memory affects the way we process information in Working Memory: WM is very limited when dealing with novel information WM has no known limits when dealing with information that has been organized and stored in LTM

  5. Schemas: Reading a text: schemas for letters, words, phrases, sentence structures, genres Textbase: a mental representation of propositions Situation model: textbase integrated with knowledge base Long-term working memory (LT-WM): sufficiently durable and interference proof (Ericsson & Kintsch, 1995)

  6. Reading comprehension (linguistic schemas) This was the course that the student, whom the school that was criticized by the newspaper expelled, failed.

  7. This was the course that the student whom the school that was criticized by the newspaper expelled failed

  8. The theory: If knowledge structures in LTM alter the characteristics of WM effectively transforming it into LT-WM, then tests of its content would provide a measure of levels of expertise.

  9. Rapid verification technique Presenting learners with a series of possible solution steps (statements) for a limited time and asking them to rapidly verify the suggested steps (statements)

  10. The artist, who performed for the crowd that gathered to enjoy the show, left. 1 local thematic violation 3 sentence nodes to parse at one time Reading comprehension

  11. Working memory capacity allows no more than 4 local violations (Gibson, 1998) or 2 sentence nodes or clauses to be attended at one time (Kimball, 1973). Cognitive difficulty D = max {local thematic violations; sentence nodes or clauses to parse simultaneously}

  12. On each of the following pages, you will see a sentence. You will be allowed a limited time to read it. Following each sentence, several related brief statements will be presented. For each statement, you have to pressimmediately a green key (on your right) if the statement is correct or a red key (on your left) if the statement is incorrect.

  13. The artist, who performed for the crowd that gathered to enjoy the show, left. • The artist left. • The artist enjoyed the show. • The crowd gathered for the show. • The crowd left.

  14. This was the course that the student, whom the school that was criticized by the newspaper expelled, failed. D = max {7; 4} seven local thematic violations: the course, that, the student, whom, the school, that, and the newspaper four sentence nodes to parse at one time: the course was, the student failed, the school expelled, and the newspaper criticized.

  15. The school was criticized by the student. • The school expelled the student. • The course was criticized by the newspaper. • The newspaper criticized the school.

  16. Validation study rapid test: 18 sentences/72 responses traditional test: 8 passages, 42 multiple choice questions Y 7, N= 19: test time reduced by a factor of 3.7 correlation with a traditional test .63 reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) .71

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