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Introduction to Life

Introduction to Life. The Science of Biology. Biology is…. The study of life…. …at all levels Figure 1.6. Life is…. a phenomenon observed in organized genetic units and expressed as. Life is…. a phenomenon observed in organized genetic units and expressed as metabolism by individuals.

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Introduction to Life

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  1. Introduction to Life The Science of Biology

  2. Biology is… • The study of life…

  3. …at all levelsFigure 1.6

  4. Life is… • a phenomenon observed in organized genetic units and expressed as

  5. Life is… • a phenomenon observed in organized genetic units and expressed as • metabolism by individuals

  6. Life is… • a phenomenon observed in organized genetic units and expressed as • metabolism by individuals • reproduction among individuals

  7. Life is… • a phenomenon observed in organized genetic units and expressed as • metabolism by individuals • reproduction among individuals • evolution of populations through time

  8. Paradigm

  9. Paradigm • a pattern or an example of something

  10. Paradigm • a pattern or an example of something • a mental picture or pattern of thought

  11. Paradigm • a pattern or an example of something • a mental picture or pattern of thought • the model that scientists hold about a particular area of knowledge • [Thomas Kuhn in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions]

  12. Organic Evolution is the Principle Paradigm in the Biological Sciences

  13. Organic Evolution is the Principle Paradigm in the Biological Sciences • the model that scientists hold about a particular area of knowledge

  14. Organic Evolution is the Principle Paradigm in the Biological Sciences • the model that scientists hold about a particular area of knowledge • an organizing concept

  15. Organic Evolution is the Principle Paradigm in the Biological Sciences • the model that scientists hold about a particular area of knowledge • an organizing concept • a principle

  16. Organic Evolution is the Principle Paradigm in the Biological Sciences • the model that scientists hold about a particular area of knowledge • an organizing concept • a principle • an assumption

  17. Organic Evolution is the Principle Paradigm in the Biological Sciences • the model that scientists hold about a particular area of knowledge • an organizing concept • a principle • an assumption • a presupposition

  18. Dueling Paradigms

  19. Dueling Paradigms Static Creation in the Modern State

  20. Dueling Paradigms Static Creation in vs. Evolution from a the Modern StateLess-complex State

  21. Dueling Paradigms Static Creation in vs. Evolution from a the Modern StateLess-complex State Young Earth

  22. Dueling Paradigms Static Creation in vs. Evolution from a the Modern StateLess-complex State Young Earth Ancient Earth

  23. Dueling Paradigms Static Creation in vs. Evolution from a the Modern StateLess-complex State Young Earth Ancient Earth Recent Origin of Life

  24. Dueling Paradigms Static Creation in vs. Evolution from a the Modern StateLess-complex State Young Earth Ancient Earth Recent Origin of Life Ancient Origin of Life

  25. Dueling Paradigms Static Creation in vs. Evolution from a the Modern StateLess-complex State Young Earth Ancient Earth Recent Origin of Life Ancient Origin of Life Discrete Species

  26. Dueling Paradigms Static Creation in vs. Evolution from a the Modern StateLess-complex State Young Earth Ancient Earth Recent Origin of Life Ancient Origin of Life Discrete Species Intergrading Species

  27. The Puzzle of Nature

  28. The Puzzle of Nature Similarities Differences

  29. The Puzzle of Nature Similarities Differences DNA is universal

  30. All Organisms Share DNA LandmarksFigure 1.8

  31. The Puzzle of Nature Similarities Differences DNA is universal Genomes Differ

  32. The Puzzle of Nature Similarities Differences DNA is universal Genomes Differ Eukaryotic metabolism

  33. The Puzzle of Nature Similarities Differences DNA is universal Genomes Differ Eukaryotic Prokaryotic metabolism metabolism

  34. The Puzzle of Nature Similarities Differences DNA is universal Genomes Differ Eukaryotic Prokaryotic metabolism metabolism Structural homologies

  35. Vertebrate Forelimb HomologiesFigure 1.2

  36. The Puzzle of Nature Similarities Differences DNA is universal Genomes differ Eukaryotic Prokaryotic metabolism metabolism Structural Functional Homologies adaptations

  37. Functional Adaptations Figure 1.7

  38. The “Evolution” of Evolution

  39. The “Evolution” of Evolution “Organic life beneath the shoreless waves Was born and nurs'd in ocean's pearly caves; First forms minute, unseen by spheric glass, Move on the mud, or pierce the watery mass; These, as successive generations bloom, New powers acquire and larger limbs assume; Whence countless groups of vegetation spring, And breathing realms of fin and feet and wing.”

  40. The “Evolution” of Evolution “Organic life beneath the shoreless waves Was born and nurs'd in ocean's pearly caves; First forms minute, unseen by spheric glass, Move on the mud, or pierce the watery mass; These, as successive generations bloom, New powers acquire and larger limbs assume; Whence countless groups of vegetation spring, And breathing realms of fin and feet and wing.”

  41. The “Evolution” of Evolution “Organic life beneath the shoreless waves Was born and nurs'd in ocean's pearly caves; First forms minute, unseen by spheric glass, Move on the mud, or pierce the watery mass; These, as successive generations bloom, New powers acquire and larger limbs assume; Whence countless groups of vegetation spring, And breathing realms of fin and feet and wing.” Darwin

  42. The “Evolution” of Evolution “Organic life beneath the shoreless waves Was born and nurs'd in ocean's pearly caves; First forms minute, unseen by spheric glass, Move on the mud, or pierce the watery mass; These, as successive generations bloom, New powers acquire and larger limbs assume; Whence countless groups of vegetation spring, And breathing realms of fin and feet and wing.” Darwin, Erasmus (1731-1802) The Temple of Nature

  43. The “Evolution” of Evolution • Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) • Perhaps structural similarities are due to descent from a common ancestor with similar characteristics

  44. The “Evolution” of Evolution • Count George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) • Perhaps structural similarities are due to descent from a common ancestor with similar characteristics • Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) • Organisms change from generation to generation as they inherit characteristics that their parents acquired during their lives

  45. The “Evolution” of Evolution • Charles Darwin

  46. The “Evolution” of Evolution • Charles Darwin • Organisms reproduce more offspring than can survive on available resources

  47. The “Evolution” of Evolution • Charles Darwin • Organisms reproduce more offspring than can survive on available resources • Populations of organism exhibit heritable variations in their characteristics

  48. The “Evolution” of Evolution • Charles Darwin • Organisms reproduce more offspring than can survive on available resources • Populations of organism exhibit heritable variations in their characteristics • Some characteristics make certain individuals more likely to survive than others

  49. The “Evolution” of Evolution • Charles Darwin • Given overpopulation/limited resources, biological variation & differential survival:

  50. The “Evolution” of Evolution • Charles Darwin • Given overpopulation/limited resources, biological variation & differential survival: • The characteristics of a population change over time

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