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Roman History (A Quick Trip!)

Roman History (A Quick Trip!). 2013. The Beginning. Roman mythology says Aeneas, a warrior from Troy, escaped after the Trojan war and sailed to Italy. Aeneas’ descendants included Romulus and Remus, the twin brothers who founded Rome. Roman History is divided into 3 parts….

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Roman History (A Quick Trip!)

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  1. Roman History(A Quick Trip!) 2013

  2. The Beginning • Roman mythology says Aeneas, a warrior from Troy, escaped after the Trojan war and sailed to Italy. • Aeneas’ descendants included Romulus and Remus, the twin brothers who founded Rome

  3. Roman History is divided into 3 parts… • The Monarchy (753 BC-509 BC) • Ruled by kings • Tradition says there were 7 kings of Rome: • Romulus ---founder of Rome, raised with brother Remus by a she-wolf, killed Remus • NumaPompilius • TullusHostilius • AncusMarcius • TarquiniusPriscus • ServiusTullus • TarquiniusSuperbus

  4. Part 2: The Republic • In 509 BC, King TarquiniusSuperbus was overthrown. One of the rebels was named Brutus. The Roman Republic was born. • 509 BC-27 BC • Ruled by elected officials and the Senate • Consuls were the highest official--- 2 per year

  5. Republic Heroes: Horatius (500 BC) • Legend says that a man named HoratiusCocles single-handedly defended a bridge across the Tiber River when Rome was under attack!

  6. Republic Heroes: Cincinnatus (458 BC) • Cincinnatus was a farmer who was called to serve as dictator during an early Roman war. • He remained dictator only for 16 days, until the war was over---then resigned the dictatorship to go back to farming. • He was a role model of civic duty!

  7. Republic Enemies: Hannibal • Hannibal was a famous Carthaginian general who fought against Rome in the 2nd Punic War (218-201 BC) • He is best remembered for leading his troops from north Africa, across Spain, and over the Alps into Italy • He also used war elephants!

  8. Republic Heroes: Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) • Julius Caesar was the most famous Roman of all time • He served as general, consul, and dictator of Rome • Military fame for conquering Gaul (France) • Assassinated on the Ides of March, 44 BC

  9. Cleopatra: Friend or Enemy? • Cleopatra: the last pharoah of Egypt • She had a relationship with Julius Caesar…and a son, Caesarion • After Caesar’s death she had a relationship with Mark Antony, Caesar’s friend… 3 children (boy/girl twins + 1 boy) • She and Antony opposed Octavian’s claim as Caesar’s heir

  10. Part 3: The Empire • After a period of about 100 years of civil war, the Republic collapsed and Octavian became emperor in 27 BC. • 1st Emperor: Octavian, aka Augustus • Long list of Roman emperors! • Nero: “fiddled while Rome burned” • Constantine: 1st Christian emperor

  11. Matching Terms • Senators • Equestrians • Toga • Curia • SPQR • Highest class of citizens (aka patricians) • Less status than senators • Men’s formal wear • Senate house • Senate and people of Rome

  12. Matching Terms • slaves • forum • clipped beard • fibula • gladiator • Some downtrodden, some not • Market square • Fashionable, A.D. 130 • Brooch, fastens cloaks • Could win freedom in the arena

  13. Matching Terms • rings • fasces • lictors • procurator • Provincial governor • Worn by men and women • An ax in a bundle of rods • Official escorts • Below governor • Senator, commands army

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