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Chapter 4 Violence and Abuse Societal Challenges

Chapter 4 Violence and Abuse Societal Challenges. Violence in Canada. What is violence? A set of Behaviours that produce injuries and the outcomes of these Behaviours ……personal injury!!!!!. 1988 - ranked 5th. In the world for victimization rates with force . Riots….sporting events

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Chapter 4 Violence and Abuse Societal Challenges

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  1. Chapter 4Violence and AbuseSocietal Challenges Violence in Canada

  2. What is violence? A set of Behaviours that produce injuries and the outcomes of these Behaviours……personal injury!!!!! • 1988 - ranked 5th. In the world for victimization rates with force. • Riots….sporting events • political confrontation • personal violence • racial/ethnic minorities • family…women/children

  3. Underlying Causes of Violence & Abuse • Social, cultural and individual factors • Poverty, unemployment, hopelessness, education,housing, parents (role models),social support systems, discriminatory behaviors……. • Homicide: Deaths that results from intent to injure or kill • 586 in 1995 - lower than 1975 • US - 4 times as many

  4. Who Kills????? Most likely you know them!!!! • 47% - acquaintance • 36% - spouse Victims: • males 67% • committed 87% • Guns - US 29% military • Canada - 6%

  5. Suicide: anger, rage & hopelessness turned inward! • Self-violence“a cry for help” • emotional pain • neurobiological / psychological • 1992 - 2923 men - 786 women • One every 2 hours! • Leading cause of death • men 30 - 34 • 35 - 45 decrease in rates • 45 and increase in rates • First Nations - 5 times Greater!

  6. Youth Violence • Is youth crime increasing? • “Zero Tolerance in Schools” • more crimes reported! • Late teens - 53% of total • targets - 12 to 17 year olds • many young offenders in Canada due to a lack of alternative approaches

  7. The Violence of Hate • Welcome other cultures while marginalizing First Nations people • Acceptance decreases as differences between cultures & physical appearance widens • Northern European appearance -the stereotype! • prejudice and racism part of Canadian society

  8. Preventing Hate and Bias Crimes • Intolerance…… why? • personal attitudes/behaviors • fear of change • blaming others • economy • education • understanding/appreciation • interactions/stereotypes • racist jokes / ethnic bigotry • leadership - promoting understanding and appreciation for diversity

  9. Violence Against Women1 in 4 women living with a man is abused each year • Police & RCMP can lay charges…..” • reasonable and probable grounds” • takes responsibility from victim • “Montreal Massacre” - 1989 - 14 women died • Violence is alive and well in Canada

  10. Domestic Violence & Discrimination: a Global Issue • United Nations - passed a declaration to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women • 1993 - 29% Women experienced violence from men • 2.8 million partnerships in Canada

  11. Repeated Beatings….. Why! Doesn’t she just leave him? • Children • financially dependent • fear - retaliation • hope for change • cultural/religious beliefs forbid divorce • love • co-dependency

  12. The Cycle of Violence Theorythe downward spiral…….. Phases: One: Tension Building • minor battering, women nurture, pleasing, guilt, and needs. Two: Acute Battering • pleasing doesn’t work • can’t control or predict abuse • teach a lessen • smoothed over

  13. Cycle of Violence …. Continued! Three: Remorse / Reconciliation • batterer may be kind, loving, apologetic • “….Never Again…….” • lasts - a month, a week ???? • “it wasn’t that bad, he is a good man deep down!” • Happens again!!! • Cycle must be broken! • Out side help best!!

  14. Other Stressors which may contributeto abuse and neglect….. • Unwanted child • unsupported single parent household • no financial support • unemployment • substance abuse - domestic violence, sexual abuse…….

  15. Violence Against Children • Found in all societies • secretive • 1 in 5000 to 1 in 10000 under five die / year • Physical violence - lack of parenting skills • culture & corporal punishment

  16. …………………...Sexual Abuse • Trusted individual / authority figure • family member / often male • people who suffered sexual abuse themselves - high risk! • Normal reactions to harm are anger and pain • forbidden to expressed / repressed - forgotten • problems surface later - criminal behaviour / mass murder or to self - alcohol abuse

  17. Street Children…. • Both developed and undeveloped countries • better to be harmed by a stranger then a family member • trust for caregiver broken • later in life when safer will remember and can heal

  18. Violence Against Men • Violence of men on other men • 48 000 assaults - 1995 • young men most likely involved 34 years • only 6% of the time by a women • A MALE ISSUE!!! For Society • competitiveness, power and control are valued male attributes • violence - expression of frustration and stress

  19. Violence Against Seniors • Physical abuse • neglect • chronic verbal aggression • material abuse • 4% of Canadians (65yrs) experienced abuse • mostly female - spouse or child • feel vulnerable…..

  20. Sexual Victimization • Sexual assault - power imbalance in society • 83% men assaulted women • violence is implicit for sexual exploitation • 84% of University students knew their attacker • 57% of rapes were on a date • Why some males sexually assault women….

  21. Prevention Assaults • Home • Streets • Car • Health and Violence • Which of the dimensions of healthare compromised?

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