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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Section 1 (22 Slides). 1. The Sui Dynasty. 581 – 618 A.D. founded by General Wendi POSITIVE: Wendi won many battles Wendi reunited China. 2. The Sui Dynasty. Wendi Died Wendi’s son took the throne Yangdi POSITIVE: rebuilt the Great Wall built the Grand Canal

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 Section 1 (22 Slides) 1

  2. The Sui Dynasty • 581 – 618 A.D. • founded by General Wendi POSITIVE: • Wendi won many battles • Wendi reunited China 2

  3. The Sui Dynasty • Wendi Died • Wendi’s son took the throne Yangdi POSITIVE: • rebuilt the Great Wall • built the Grand Canal • united & strengthened China’s economy 3

  4. The Sui Dynasty Yangdi NEGATIVE: • building projects forced farmers to work on the Great Wall & Grand Canal • people had to pay high taxes for projects • farmers revolted • army takes control & kills Yangdi • Sui Dynasty ends in 618 A.D. 4

  5. The Tang Dynasty • 618 – 907 A.D. • one of Yangdi’s generals took control • Changan = Capital City • rulers tried different reforms to improve China’s government • reform – change intended to bring improvements • used Civil Service Exams 5

  6. The Tang Dynasty Emperor Taizong • Tang’s most powerful emperor • restored Civil Service Exam POSITIVE: • gave land to farmers 6

  7. The Tang Dynasty Empress Wu • only woman to lead China on her own POSITIVE: • added officials to China’s government • strengthened China’s military forces 7

  8. The Tang Dynasty POSITIVE: • regained much power in Asia • expanded its territory • controlled Tibet • controlled Silk Road • controlled northern Vietnam • received Tribute from Korea • powerful Economy • at first allowed Buddhism 8

  9. The Tang Dynasty NEGATIVE: • later destroyed many Buddhist monasteries & temples (change to mostly Confucianism) • nomadic Turks took over Silk Road • greatly damaged China’s economy • Tibet Revolts • farmers Revolt • disorder Ends the Tang in 907 A.D. 9

  10. The Song Dynasty • 960 – 1279 • general declares himself emperor & sets up Song Dynasty • official Belief System = neo-Confucianism • used Civil Service Exams POSITIVE: • economic Prosperity • cultural Achievements 10

  11. The Song Dynasty NEGATIVE: • not enough soldiers to control vast empire • Tibet broke away from China • nomads took over much of northern China • forced to move capital to Hangzhou • corruption in government • wealthy merchants failed to pay taxes • Mongols end the rule of Song 11

  12. CHINESE BUDDHISM • early Tang rulers – religious tolerance • allowed Buddhism to be practiced • supported building of temples • monks & nuns lived in monasteries • ran schools • provided rooms & food for travelers • served as bankers • provided medical care 12

  13. OPPOSITION TO BUDDHISM • wrong to accept donations • monks & nuns weakened respect for family life (not allowed to marry) • Tang officials feared growing power • enemy of Chinese traditions • destroyed temples & monasteries (A.D. 845) • Buddhism never recovered 13

  14. KOREA • A.D. 200 Divided into three kingdoms • lasted several hundred years • A.D. 300 Buddhism brought to Korea • A.D. 660 united into one country • government supported Buddhism • grew stronger 14

  15. JAPAN • legend • a Korean king writes to Japan’s emperor • “…most excellent of all teachings” • sent statue of Buddha • over time, won many followers 15

  16. CONFUCIANISM • system of beliefs introduced by Confucius • “great thinker” • taught people needed to have a sense of duty to family & community in order to bring peace to society • good government depended on wise leaders • Civil service exams product of Confucian ideas 16

  17. CONFUCIANISM • fall of Han Dynasty • no national government • no civil service examinations • Confucianism lost support • Buddhism wins many followers • spiritual message • Tang & Song rulers bring Confucianism back into favor 17

  18. NEO-CONFUCIANISM • new kind of Confucianism • created to reduce Buddhism’s popularity • taught life in this world just as important as the afterlife • followers expected to • take part in life • help others • criticized Buddhist ideas • picked up some Buddhist & Daoist beliefs • Daoist – people should turn to nature & give up worldly concerns 18

  19. NEO-CONFUCIANISM • To many Chinese, Confucianism… • became a religion about spiritual world • taught followers … • would find peace of mind • live in harmony with nature • Song Dynasty supported neo-Confucianism • adopted as official philosophy, or belief system 19

  20. SCHOLAR-OFFICIALS • bureaucracy based on merit system • people accepted for what they can do • not on their riches or personal contacts • civil service examinations • used to hire government officials • tested knowledge of Confucian writings • only men allowed to take tests • only rich could afford to have sons study for the tests • passing tests difficult • only one in five passed • those who failed never given government job • found jobs helping officials or taught 20

  21. SCHOLAR-OFFICIALS • examination system created a new wealthy class made up of scholar-officials • strict rules set them apart from society • no physical work • students taught to never use their hands except for painting or writing 21

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