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Exploring Human Biology & Organization

Discover the intricate organization of humans, including vertebrate structure, mammal characteristics, body systems, and tissues. Unveil the complexity of cells, tissues, and organs, and delve into the functionality of various body systems.

miguelnelson
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Exploring Human Biology & Organization

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  1. HUMAN ORGANIZATION We are classified in the following way: PhylumChordata SubphylumVertebrata ClassMammalia OrderPrimata FamilyHominidia GenusHomo Speciessapiens

  2. HUMAN ORGANIZATION • We are vertebrates with a bony endoskeleton. • We have a vertebral column that supports us and also encloses and protects the spinal cord. • The spinal cord extends from the brain, which is protected by the skull.

  3. coelom HUMAN ORGANIZATION We contain a true body cavity called a coelom, which is divided in to two regions by our diaphragm. 1. Thoracic cavity (chest) contains the heart, lungs, & upper digestive tract. 2. Abdominal cavity contains all other internal, ‘visceral’ organs.

  4. HUMAN ORGANIZATION We are also mammals, so we have the following characteristics: 1. Homeotherms: we are able to regulate our internal body temperature and we keep it elevated. This is a high-energy cost (lots of food and oxygen is required to do this), and therefore, it must be efficient. 2. We have skin that is covered with hair. This provides us with insulation, protection, and sensation.

  5. HUMAN ORGANIZATION • We are also mammals, so we have the following characteristics: • We have well- developed brains and senses. • 4. We have internal fertilisationand development. This allows us a long gestation period.

  6. http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=RS1ti23SUSw http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=pMpMoeIgwoQ&feature=related

  7. HUMAN ORGANIZATION We are also mammals, so we have the following characteristics: 5. We have mammary glands to feed our young. This allows us to have a long post natal care period.

  8. CELLS TISSUES ORGANS ORGAN SYSTEMS levels of organization

  9. ORGANISM

  10. Body Systems • A system is made of parts that work together as a whole. • In our bodies, many different systems work on their own but are also connected to each other and communicate with each other. • Each body system is made up of organs (ie: heart) • Each organ is made up of tissue (ie: cardiac tissue) • Each tissue is made up of a certain type of body cell (ie: heart cell).

  11. Circulatory System

  12. Digestive System

  13. Respiratory System

  14. Excretory System

  15. Immune System

  16. Endocrine System

  17. Reproductive System

  18. Integumentary System

  19. Skeletal System

  20. Muscular System

  21. Nervous System

  22. HUMAN ORGANIZATION Tissues: groups of similar cells working co-operatively together to do a common function.

  23. Types of Tissue EPITHELIAL TISSUE:covers CONNECTIVE TISSUE:connects, protects, insulates MUSCLE TISSUE:movement NERVE TISSUE:sends info

  24. HUMAN ORGANIZATION • Epithelial tissues: covering (in sheets) and protection of body surfaces and cavities. There are three types: • Squamous (thin, flat cells line capillaries & make up alveoli). Used to cover, protect & exchange materials. • Cuboidal(cube shaped cells, form glands and kidneys. Make hormones and involved in urine formation). • Columnar (column shaped cells line digestive tract beyond eosphagus, synthesize enzymes). • Some are ciliated in trachea & oviducts • villi (increase surface area) • may be secretory (glands)

  25. HUMAN ORGANIZATION Connective tissues: binding and support. Insulates, stores fat, and produces blood cells. Connective tissue cells are separated by a ‘matrix’. adipose (fat storage) cartilage (flexible) bone (rigid) blood (transport) areolar (‘saran wrap’)

  26. HUMAN ORGANIZATION Muscular tissues: These cells have the remarkable ability to shorten or contract; thus giving them the ability to move. Muscles move the skeleton, things within the body, and help hold things together. Smooth (involuntary); digestive tract. Skeletal(attached to skeleton and moves it) Cardiac (found in heart only); strong and reacts quickly

  27. HUMAN ORGANIZATION Nervous tissues: this tissue is adapted for transmitting chemical-electrial impulses throughout the body. There is a lot of variation in what nervous tissue look like. The basic cell is the neuron. They are designed for communication, and allow for rapid response.

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